Preservation of Grains and Cereals Crops – Basic 6 Agricultural Science Lesson Note (First Term)

Learning Objectives: By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

• Identify grains and cereal crops
• Discuss the methods of preserving grains and cereal crops
• Carry out activities of preserving cereal crops

Lesson Content:

What are Grains and Cereal Crops? Grains and cereals are seeds from grass-like plants that we eat for energy.

Examples of Grains and Cereals:

• Maize (corn)
• Rice
• Millet

• Guinea corn (sorghum)

• Wheat

• Oats

• Barley

Methods of Preserving Grains and Cereals:

1. Proper Drying

• Dry grains under the sun until moisture is removed
• Store when completely dry

2. Clean Storage

• Remove stones, dirt, and damaged grains
• Use clean containers

3. Airtight Storage

• Store in containers that don’t allow air to enter
• Use bags, drums, or silos with tight covers

4. Use of Preservatives

• Mix grains with wood ash or neem leaves
• These natural materials keep insects away

5. Regular Inspection

• Check stored grains often
• Remove any damaged or infected grains

Steps in Preserving Grains:

1. Harvest when fully mature
2. Dry thoroughly in the sun
3. Remove dirt and damaged grains
4. Store in clean, dry containers
5. Add natural preservatives if available
6. Check regularly

HOMEWORK:

1. Name 6 grains and cereal crops
2. List 4 steps in preserving grains
3. Why should grains be dried before storage?