Environmental Health – Basic 4 Physical & Health Education Lesson Note (Second Term)

LEARNING AREA

1. Introductory Activities
2. Meaning of Waste Disposal
3. Sewage Disposal
4. Refuse Disposal

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

By the end of this lesson, pupils should be able to:

• Explain what waste disposal means.
• Know about sewage disposal.
• Understand refuse disposal.
• Keep their environment clean.

TEACHING AND LEARNING MATERIALS

• Pictures of clean and dirty environments

• Waste bin

• Examples of refuse (paper, bottles, cans)

• Charts showing proper waste disposal

TEACHING AND LEARNING METHOD

• Simple explanation
• Show and tell
• Discussion

REFERENCE MATERIALS

• Primary Health Education Textbook
• Environmental Health Guide

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR/ PREVIOUS LESSON

Students know the difference between clean and dirty places.

WORD FILE

Waste, disposal, sewage, refuse, clean, dirty.

CONTENT

LESSON 1 – MEANING OF WASTE DISPOSAL

WHAT IS WASTE?

Waste is anything we don’t need anymore and want to throw away.

EXAMPLES OF WASTE:

• Used paper
• Empty bottles
• Food leftovers
• Old clothes
• Dirty water

WHAT IS WASTE DISPOSAL?

Waste disposal means getting rid of waste in the right way to keep our environment clean and safe.

WHY DISPOSE WASTE PROPERLY?

• Keep our homes clean
• Prevent bad smells
• Stop germs from spreading
• Make our environment beautiful
• Keep us healthy

WRONG WAY TO DISPOSE WASTE:

• Throwing on the ground
• Putting in drinking water
• Leaving in the house
• Burning near people

RIGHT WAY TO DISPOSE WASTE:

• Put in waste bins
• Bury in proper places
• Give to waste collectors
• Recycle if possible

LESSON 2 – SEWAGE DISPOSAL

WHAT IS SEWAGE?

Sewage is dirty water from our homes that comes from:

• Toilets
• Bathrooms
• Kitchen sinks
• Washing clothes

WHY SEWAGE IS DANGEROUS:

• Contains germs
• Causes bad smells
• Can make people sick
• Attracts flies and mosquitoes

HOW TO DISPOSE SEWAGE PROPERLY:

AT HOME:

• Use proper toilets
• Don’t pour dirty water anywhere
• Have good drainage
• Keep toilet clean

IN THE COMMUNITY:

• Build proper sewers
• Have waste treatment places
• Don’t put sewage in rivers
• Use pit latrines correctly

SIMPLE RULES:

• Always use the toilet
• Wash hands after using toilet
• Don’t play near sewage
• Tell adults about sewage problems

LESSON 3 – REFUSE DISPOSAL

WHAT IS REFUSE?

Refuse is solid waste we throw away from our homes like:

• Food waste (peels, bones)
• Paper and cardboard
• Plastic bottles and bags
• Metal cans
• Glass bottles

TYPES OF REFUSE:

BIODEGRADABLE REFUSE:

• Food waste
• Leaves
• Paper
• These rot away naturally

NON-BIODEGRADABLE REFUSE:

• Plastic

• Glass

• Metal

• These don’t rot easily

HOW TO DISPOSE REFUSE PROPERLY:

AT HOME:

• Use waste bins with covers
• Empty bins regularly
• Separate different types of waste
• Don’t throw on the ground

IN THE COMMUNITY:

• Put refuse in public bins
• Wait for waste collectors
• Use designated dump sites
• Don’t litter streets

3 Rs OF WASTE MANAGEMENT:

REDUCE:

• Use less things
• Don’t waste food
• Buy only what you need

REUSE:

• Use bottles again
• Give old clothes to others
• Use paper on both sides

RECYCLE:

• Make new things from old ones
• Give plastic to recycling centers
• Turn food waste into compost

DANGERS OF POOR REFUSE DISPOSAL:

• Attracts rats and cockroaches
• Causes bad smells
• Blocks drainage
• Makes environment ugly
• Spreads diseases

KEEPING OUR ENVIRONMENT CLEAN:

AT SCHOOL:

• Use school waste bins
• Don’t throw papers on ground
• Clean your classroom
• Report broken waste bins

AT HOME:

• Help parents dispose waste
• Keep your room clean
• Don’t throw things from windows
• Sweep around your house

IN THE COMMUNITY:

• Don’t litter when walking
• Use public waste bins
• Join community cleanup
• Tell others to dispose waste properly

PRESENTATION

1. Teacher shows pictures of clean and dirty environments
2. Teacher explains what waste is using real examples
3. Teacher demonstrates proper way to use waste bin
4. Teacher explains dangers of poor sewage disposal
5. Teacher shows different types of refuse
6. Teacher demonstrates the 3 Rs with examples

STUDENT ACTIVITIES

Students practice:

• Identifying different types of waste
• Putting refuse in correct bins
• Explaining why we need waste disposal
• Naming places where sewage comes from
• Demonstrating the 3 Rs

EVALUATIVE ACTIVITIES

• Define waste disposal
• Name two types of refuse
• Explain why sewage is dangerous
• Show how to use waste bin properly

LESSON EVALUATION/ASSIGNMENT

Students will:

1. Clean their classroom properly
2. Help dispose waste at home correctly
3. Count waste bins in their neighborhood
4. Report any sewage problems to teacher

WORKBOOK

WEEKLY ASSESSMENT (TEST)

1. Waste disposal means getting rid of waste in the _______ way. A. Wrong B. Right
2. Sewage is dirty water from _______. A. Rivers B. Our homes
3. _______ refuse rots away naturally. A. Biodegradable B. Non-biodegradable
4. The 3 Rs are Reduce, Reuse, and _______. A. Recycle B. Remove
5. We should put refuse in _______. A. Rivers B. Waste bins