Sound Energy – Basic 2 Basic Science Lesson Note (Third Term)

Learning Objectives: By the end of this lesson, pupils should be able to:

• identify sounds of different objects and animals
• mention various instruments that can make sound
• produce local instruments that can make sounds
• create sound with any man-made instrument

Lesson Content:

Sound Energy:

What is Sound Energy? Sound energy is a form of energy that we can hear. It is created when objects vibrate (shake back and forth quickly).

How Sound is Made:

• Objects must vibrate to make sound
• Vibrations move through air to our ears
• Our ears detect the vibrations as sound
• No vibration = no sound

Sounds of Different Objects:

Household Objects:

• Door: Bang, creak, slam
• Clock: Tick, tock, alarm ring
• Kettle: Whistle when water boils
• Phone: Ring, beep, buzz
• Car: Engine vroom, horn honk
• Bell: Ring, ding, dong

Kitchen Objects:

• Plates: Clink when touched together
• Spoon on pot: Ding, clang
• Boiling water: Bubble, gurgle
• Blender: Whirr, buzz
• Microwave: Beep, hum

Animal Sounds:

• Dog: Bark, woof, howl
• Cat: Meow, purr, hiss
• Cow: Moo, low
• Chicken: Cluck, cock-a-doodle-doo
• Duck: Quack
• Lion: Roar
• Elephant: Trumpet
• Frog: Croak, ribbit

Instruments That Make Sound:

Traditional/Local Instruments:

• Talking drum: Beaten with sticks, changes pitch
• Shekere: Shaken gourd with beads
• Flute: Blown into, makes soft sounds
• Bells: Metal pieces that ring
• Clapping sticks: Two sticks hit together

Modern Instruments:

• Piano: Keys pressed to make notes
• Guitar: Strings plucked or strummed
• Trumpet: Blown into brass tube
• Drums: Hit with sticks or hands
• Violin: Bow drawn across strings

How to Produce Local Instruments:

Making a Shaker: Materials: Empty plastic bottle, rice/beans/small stones Steps:

1. Get clean empty bottle
2. Put rice or beans inside
3. Close bottle tightly
4. Shake to make sound

Making Simple Drums: Materials: Empty tin/container, rubber/plastic sheet, rubber band Steps:

1. Cover open end with rubber sheet
2. Secure with rubber band
3. Hit surface with hands or sticks
4. Different sizes make different sounds

Making Clapping Sticks: Materials: Two wooden sticks or rulers Steps:

1. Find two similar wooden pieces
2. Hold one in each hand
3. Hit them together rhythmically
4. Try different ways of hitting

Making Bottle Flute: Materials: Empty bottle Steps:

1. Get clean empty bottle
2. Blow across the top opening
3. Change the sound by adding water
4. Different water levels make different notes

Creating Sounds with Man-Made Instruments:

Using Everyday Items as Instruments:

• Spoons: Hit together or on surfaces
• Pots and pans: Use as drums with wooden spoons
• Rubber bands: Stretch and pluck for guitar-like sounds
• Glasses with water: Tap gently for bell sounds
• Cardboard boxes: Use as drums or shakers

Sound Activities:

• Sound walk: Listen to sounds around school
• Guess the sound: Close eyes, identify sounds
• Make a band: Use homemade instruments together
• Sound story: Tell story using sound effects

Caring for Sound/Hearing:

• Don’t make very loud sounds that hurt ears
• Protect your ears from very loud noises
• Listen to pleasant sounds like music
• Give your ears rest from loud sounds