Domestic and Road Accident – JSS2 Physical & Health Education Lesson Note (Second Term)

 DOMESTIC ACCIDENT

Domestic or home accidents—these are accidents that occur in the home, surroundings, and neighborhood. Most of the accidents at home are in the form of cuts, falls, poison, burns, electric shock, scalds, suffocation, and dislocation as a result of slippery surfaces.

Causes of domestic accidents include;

1. Accessibility to sharp instruments like knives, razor blades, cutlasses, etc.
2. Poorly kept environment
3. Slippery floors
4. Hastiness
5. Congested rooms and poorly arranged places
6. Poor lightening
7. Unguarded fireplace
8. Tiredness
9. Poor building and maintenance
10. Use of faulty instruments and equipment

PREVENTION OF DOMESTIC ACCIDENTS

             FIRST AID TREATMENT FOR INJURIES

First aid treatment for dislocation;

1. Place the injured part in the most comfortable position
2. Apply cold compress (ice packs)
3. Immobilize the injured part by putting a bandage on it
4. Seek immediate medical attention 
5. Reassure the patient

First aid treatment for sprain:

1. Apply a cold compress
2. Rest the affected joint
3. Immobilize the joint to restrict movement
4. Seek medical advice
5. Reassure the patient

First aid treatment for a strain 

1. Apply a cold compress
2. Rest the affected muscles by supporting them with a sling if on the upper limb or use a crutch or stick if on the lower limb
3. As the condition improves, massage and gently stretch to relax the muscles
4. Avoid dehydration by taking enough fluids
5. Seek medical attention if the condition does not improve

First aid treatment for bruises

1. Clean the affected area with cotton wool soaked in hydrogen peroxide or antiseptic liquid
2. Apply a cold or ice pack immediately to control swelling or bleeding and to reduce pains
3. Apply topical antiseptic cream to aid healing and allow for drying
4. Cover the affected area with sterile gauze to prevent infection
5. Seek medical attention if the condition does not improve

First aid treatment for incision

1. Wash hands thoroughly and dry with a clean towel
2. Put on gloves
3. Control and arrest bleeding by applying pressure on the affected, using a clean pad or cloth
4. If bleeding is severe, seek medical attention immediately
5. Reassure the patient

First aid treatment for fracture

1. Ensure the patient is breathing and conscious
2. Arrest bleeding immediately
3. Immobilize the affected body part
4. With a stretcher, transfer the patient to the hospital.
5. Reassure the patient