La Grammaire – JSS1 French Lesson Note (First Term)
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- Subject
- French
- Class
- JSS1
- Term
- First Term
- Topic
- La Grammaire
- Order
- Topic 9 of 10 this term
- Reading time
- 5 min
An adjective (l’adjectif) is a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun in a sentence.
Behavioural objectives
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- define l’adjectif in French;
- name the four types of adjectif;
- list common adjectifs qualificatifs;
- write the feminine and plural forms of common adjectifs qualificatifs;
- use adjectifs qualificatifs correctly in simple sentences.
Qu’est-ce que l’adjectif ? (What is an adjective?)
L’adjectif est un mot qui qualifie ou modifie le nom ou le pronom dans la phrase.
- Role: it tells us what a person, animal or thing is like.
- Examples: grand, petit, joli and gentil say what a person or thing is like.
- Sentence: Le garçon est grand (the boy is tall).
- Sentence: Elle est gentille (she is kind).
Quels sont les types d’adjectifs ? (What are the types of adjectives?)
There are four types of adjectif: qualificatif, comparatif, possessif and démonstratif.
L’adjectif qualificatif
- Meaning: it describes a noun or pronoun (size, colour, character, appearance).
- Example: Le sac est noir (the bag is black).
L’adjectif comparatif
- Meaning: it compares one person or thing with another.
- Plus … que: more than, as in Il est plus grand que moi.
- Moins … que: less than, as in Ma mère est moins fatiguée que mon père.
- Aussi … que: as … as, as in Elle est aussi gentille que sa sœur.
L’adjectif possessif
- Meaning: it shows who owns something.
- Example: Ma mère est mince (my mother is slim).
- Rule: it agrees with the thing owned, not with the owner.
| Person | Masculine singular | Feminine singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| je | mon | ma | mes |
| tu | ton | ta | tes |
| il / elle | son | sa | ses |
| nous | notre | notre | nos |
| vous | votre | votre | vos |
| ils / elles | leur | leur | leurs |
L’adjectif démonstratif
- Meaning: it points out a person or thing (this, that, these, those).
- Ce: masculine singular, as in ce sac.
- Cet: masculine singular before a vowel, as in cet élève.
- Cette: feminine singular, as in cette fille.
- Ces: plural, as in ces filles.
Quels sont les exemples d’adjectifs qualificatifs ? (What are examples of adjectifs qualificatifs?)
Common adjectifs qualificatifs describe size, appearance, character and quality.
- Size: grand (e), petit (e), gros, mince.
- Appearance: joli (e), laid (e), beau, belle, charmant (e), élégant (e).
- Character: poli (e), amical (e), aimable, gentil (le), sympa, paresseux.
- Strength: fort (e), faible.
- Quality: bon, mauvais.
Comment l’adjectif qualificatif change-t-il ? (How does the adjective change?)
An adjectif qualificatif agrees in gender and number with the noun or pronoun it describes.
Le féminin (feminine forms)
- Most adjectives: add -e to the masculine form, as in grand, grande.
- Ending in -e already: no change, as in mince, aimable, faible.
- Ending in -eux: change to -euse, as in paresseux, paresseuse.
- Irregular forms: learn them one by one, as in beau, belle and bon, bonne.
- Sympa: does not change, as in Il est sympa and Elle est sympa.
| Masculine | Feminine | English |
|---|---|---|
| grand | grande | big, tall |
| petit | petite | small |
| joli | jolie | pretty |
| poli | polie | polite |
| laid | laide | ugly |
| fort | forte | strong |
| gentil | gentille | kind |
| gros | grosse | fat, big |
| bon | bonne | good |
| mauvais | mauvaise | bad |
| paresseux | paresseuse | lazy |
| beau | belle | beautiful, handsome |
Le pluriel (plural forms)
- Most adjectives: add -s, as in fort, forts and belle, belles.
- Ending in -s or -x: no change, as in gros and paresseux.
- Beau: becomes beaux in the masculine plural.
- Ending in -al: usually becomes -aux, as in amical, amicaux.
Comment utiliser l’adjectif qualificatif dans une phrase ? (How do we use it in a sentence?)
- Find the noun or pronoun to describe.
- Decide if it is masculine or feminine.
- Decide if it is singular or plural.
- Write the adjective in the matching form.
- Place it after être (Elle est gentille) or after the noun (un sac noir).
- Before the noun: a few short adjectives, such as grand, petit, joli, beau, bon, mauvais and gros, often come first, as in une petite fille.
- Je: the adjective follows the sex of the speaker, so a girl says Je suis petite.
Quelles sont des phrases avec l’adjectif qualificatif ? (Sentences with adjectifs qualificatifs)
Lesson 2 continues the topic with sentences that use adjectifs qualificatifs.
| Phrase | Adjectif | English |
|---|---|---|
| Je suis petit. | petit | I am small. |
| Il est amical. | amical | He is friendly. |
| Elle est gentille. | gentille | She is kind. |
| Elle est aimable. | aimable | She is kind and pleasant. |
| Je suis intelligent. | intelligent | I am intelligent. |
| Je suis sympa. | sympa | I am nice. |
| Ils sont forts. | forts | They are strong. |
| Elles sont belles. | belles | They are beautiful. |
| Il est beau. | beau | He is handsome. |
| Ils sont beaux. | beaux | They are handsome. |
| Nous sommes fatigués. | fatigués | We are tired. |
| Elle est faible. | faible | She is weak. |
| Je suis propre. | propre | I am clean. |
| La classe est sale. | sale | The class is dirty. |
| Le sac est noir. | noir | The bag is black. |
| Le bébé est gros. | gros | The baby is fat. |
| La fille est laide. | laide | The girl is ugly. |
| Ma mère est mince. | mince | My mother is slim. |
| La femme de monsieur Dada est élégante. | élégante | Mr Dada’s wife is elegant. |
Evaluation
- Définissez l’adjectif.
- Nommez les quatre types d’adjectifs.
- Donnez cinq exemples d’adjectifs qualificatifs.
- Écrivez au féminin : grand, petit, gentil, beau.
- Écrivez deux phrases avec un adjectif qualificatif.
Assignment
Soulignez les adjectifs dans les phrases ci-dessus (underline the adjectives in the sentences above).
This term's French topics
JSS1 First Term · 10 topics
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