Passage Based On Conversation With ‘That / Which’ Adjectival Clause Basic 5 English Studies Lesson Note

Passage based on the conversation “that” / “which” adjectival clause

Title: “That/Which” Adjectival Clauses Grade Level: Primary 5 Duration: 60 minutes

Objectives: • Students will understand the difference between “that” and “which” adjectival clauses. • Students will be able to identify and use “that” and “which” in sentences. • Students will practice writing sentences and paragraphs using “that” and “which” adjectival clauses correctly.

Materials: • Whiteboard and markers • Handouts with examples of adjectival clauses and exercises • Examples of sentences and paragraphs with “that” and “which” adjectival clauses • Worksheets for practice exercises

Topic: “That” / “Which” Adjectival Clause

Passage:

As Mrs. Johnson entered the classroom, she saw that the students were eagerly waiting for the day’s lesson. She smiled at them and greeted them warmly. Then, she began to teach them about the “that” and “which” adjectival clauses.

“Class, today we are going to learn about two words that often cause confusion: ‘that’ and ‘which’. These words are used in adjectival clauses, which are clauses that provide additional information,” she explained.

She wrote two sentences on the board and asked the students to identify which one has a “that” adjectival clause and which one has a “which” adjectival clause.

The first is a restrictive clause, which means it is essential to the meaning of the sentence. The day, which is not, belongs to my sister.”

After a few seconds, a student named Tom raised his hand and said, “The first sentence has a ‘that’ adjectival clause because it tells us which car is yours. The second sentence has a ‘which’ adjectival clause because it just gives more information about the day.”

“Excellent job, Tom! You are absolutely right,” Mrs. Johnson praised.

Next, Mrs. Johnson explained, “Remember, ‘that’ is used in restrictive clauses, and the clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence. On the other hand, ‘which’ is used in non-restrictive clauses, which means the clause provides additional information that is not necessary to the meaning of the sentence.”

The students listened attentively and asked questions when they didn’t understand. They worked on exercises to practice identifying adjectival clauses with “that” and “which.” By the end of the lesson, they were confident in their understanding of the topic.

As they packed their bags to go home, Mrs. Johnson reminded them to practice what they had learned and to look out for “that” and “which” adjectival clauses in their reading materials.

Remember, practice makes perfect. See you all tomorrow. She said as the students filed out of the classroom, eager to learn more.

Evaluation

1. Which type of clause is used to modify nouns? a) Adverbial clause b) Adjectival clause c) Noun clause d) Verb clause 
2. Which of the following is used in restrictive clauses? a) That b) Which c) Both a and b d) None of the above 
3. What is the purpose of non-restrictive clauses? a) To provide additional information b) To modify a verb c) That d) and c) To provide essential information d) To replace the main clause 
4. Which of the following is not about adjectival clauses with “which”? a) They are always restrictive clauses b) They are used to provide additional information c) They are non-essential to the meaning of the sentence d) They are usually set off by commas 
5. Which of the following is not a type of clause? a) Adjectival clause b) Noun clause c) Adverbial clause d) Verb clause 
6. What is the purpose of adjectival clauses? a) To modify nouns b) To modify verbs c) To act as the subject of a sentence d) To connect two independent clauses 
7. Which of the following sentences contains a restrictive clause? a) The car that is red belongs to me b) The house is red. b) The teacher, who is very kind, teaches English. c) The house that is on the hill has a beautiful view. d) The movie, which was interesting, lasted two hours. 
8. Which word is used in a restrictive clause to show essential information? a) That b) Which c) Either “that” or “which” d) Neither “that” nor “which” 
9. Which of the following is an example of a non-restrictive clause? a) The student that studies hard will succeed b) The book, which I borrowed from the library, is very interesting c) Non-restrictive clause c) Adverbial clause d) Noun clause 

Identification and use of “that” / “which” adjectival clauses

1. Adjectival clauses modify nouns and pronouns in sentences.
2. “That” and “which” are used in adjectival clauses.
3. “That” is used in restrictive clauses, which means the clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence.
4. “Which” is used in non-restrictive clauses, which means the clause provides additional information that is not essential to the meaning of the sentence.
5. Restrictive clauses with “that” are usually used to define or identify a particular noun.
6. Non-restrictive clauses with “which” are usually used to provide additional information about the noun.
7. “That” can be used to introduce a clause that describes a person, place, thing, or idea.
8. “Which” can also be used to introduce a clause that describes a person, place, thing, or idea.
9. It is important to identify whether a clause is restrictive or non-restrictive so that you can use the correct word (that or which).
10. When in doubt, remember that “that” is used to provide essential information, while “which” is used to provide additional information.

How to form sentences and paragraphs with “that” or “which”

1. First, identify the noun or nouns that you want to describe or modify with an adjectival clause.
2. Determine whether the clause provides essential or additional information.
3. If the clause is restrictive, use “that” to introduce the clause.
4. If the clause is non-restrictive, use “which” to introduce the clause.
5. Make sure the clause adds information that is relevant and coherent with the noun it is modifying.
6. If the clause provides essential information, do not use commas around it.
7. If the clause provides additional information, use commas to set it off from the rest of the sentence.
8. If the clause is in the middle of a sentence, it should be surrounded by commas.
9. Use “that” when the clause is restrictive, which means it is essential to the sentence for understanding the sentence.
10. Use “which” when the clause is non-specific, or general: person, place, thing, or idea that provides additional information that is not essential to the meaning of the sentence.
11. Remember to use the correct word (that/which) to avoid ambiguity in your writing.
12. When forming paragraphs with adjectival clauses, each clause should be relevant, accurate and descriptive that enhance the reader’s understanding of the topic.
13. Practice writing sentences and paragraphs using “that” and “which” to become more confident and variety to your writing.