Shopping – Basic 3 Mathematics Lesson Note (Second Term)

SHOPPING: INVOLVING ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION NOT GREATER THAN ₦50

A. what is shopping?

Shopping is buying things we need using money. When we shop, we:

• Add prices to find total cost
• Subtract to find change
• Make sure we have enough money

B. common shopping items and prices

Typical shop prices:

• Biscuit = ₦5
• Sweet = ₦2
• Pencil = ₦8
• Exercise book = ₦12
• Eraser = ₦3
• Bread = ₦15
• Orange = ₦4
• Apple = ₦6
• Banana = ₦3
• Milk = ₦18

C. adding prices (finding total cost)

Example 1: Buying 2 items Kemi buys a pencil (₦8) and an eraser (₦3) Total cost = ₦8 + ₦3 = ₦11

Example 2: Buying 3 items
Tolu buys bread (₦15), milk (₦18), and a sweet (₦2) Total cost = ₦15 + ₦18 + ₦2 = ₦35

Practice adding prices:

1. Biscuit (₦5) + Orange (₦4) = ₦_____
2. Pencil (₦8) + Book (₦12) = ₦_____
3. Bread (₦15) + Banana (₦3) + Sweet (₦2) = ₦_____
4. Apple (₦6) + Milk (₦18) + Eraser (₦3) = ₦_____
5. Two oranges (₦4 each) = ₦_____

D. making change (subtraction)

How to calculate change: Change = Money paid – Cost of items

Example 1: Item costs ₦12, paid with ₦20 Change = ₦20 – ₦12 = ₦8

Example 2: Items cost ₦28, paid with ₦50
Change = ₦50 – ₦28 = ₦22

Practice calculating change:

1. Item costs ₦15, paid ₦20. Change = ₦_____
2. Items cost ₦23, paid ₦30. Change = ₦_____
3. Item costs ₦18, paid ₦25. Change = ₦_____
4. Items cost ₦35, paid ₦50. Change = ₦_____
5. Item costs ₦42, paid ₦50. Change = ₦_____

E. shopping Word problems

Problem 1: Ada buys a pencil for ₦8 and a book for ₦12. How much does she pay altogether? Answer: ₦8 + ₦12 = ₦_____

Problem 2: Bola has ₦30. She buys bread for ₦15. How much money does she have left? Answer: ₦30 – ₦15 = ₦_____

Problem 3: Emeka buys 3 biscuits at ₦5 each. How much does he pay? Answer: 3 × ₦5 = ₦_____

Problem 4:
Kemi wants to buy milk (₦18) and an apple (₦6). She has ₦20. Does she have enough money? Total needed: ₦18 + ₦6 = ₦_____ Answer: _____ (Yes/No)

More practice problems:

1. Tolu buys an orange (₦4) and a sweet (₦2). He pays with ₦10. What is his change?
2. A shopkeeper sells 4 bananas at ₦3 each. How much money does he collect?
3. Ada has ₦50. She buys bread (₦15) and milk (₦18). How much money is left?
4. Bola wants to buy 2 pencils at ₦8 each. How much will she pay?
5. Emeka buys items worth ₦37. He gives the shopkeeper ₦40. What change should he get?

F. checking if you have enough money

Steps:

1. Add up all item prices
2. Compare with money you have
3. If total cost ≤ your money = Enough
4. If total cost > your money = Not enough

Examples: You have ₦25. Can you buy:

• Pencil (₦8) + Book (₦12)? Total = ₦8 + ₦12 = ₦20. ₦20 ≤ ₦25 = Yes ✓
• Bread (₦15) + Milk (₦18)? Total = ₦15 + ₦18 = ₦33. ₦33 > ₦25 = No ✗

Practice: You have ₦40. Can you afford these combinations?

1. Apple (₦6) + Orange (₦4) + Milk (₦18) = _____ (Yes/No)
2. Bread (₦15) + 2 Pencils (₦8 each) = _____ (Yes/No)
3. Book (₦12) + 3 Sweets (₦2 each) + Biscuit (₦5) = _____ (Yes/No)

CLASS EXERCISES

1. Calculate total cost:

• Eraser (₦3) + Sweet (₦2) = ₦_____
• Book (₦12) + Pencil (₦8) + Biscuit (₦5) = ₦_____
• 2 Apples at ₦6 each = ₦_____

2. Calculate change:

• Bought item for ₦16, paid ₦20. Change = ₦_____
• Bought items for ₦29, paid ₦35. Change = ₦_____
• Bought item for ₦45, paid ₦50. Change = ₦_____

3. Shopping problems:

• Kemi buys milk (₦18) and bread (₦15). How much does she pay?
• Tolu has ₦25. He spends ₦17. How much is left?
• A trader sells 5 oranges at ₦4 each. How much does he earn?

4. Can you afford it? You have ₦35. Can you buy:

• Bread (₦15) + Apple (₦6) + Sweet (₦2)? _____
• Book (₦12) + 2 Pencils (₦8 each)? _____

5. Complete the shopping list: Items: Biscuit (₦5), Orange (₦4), Pencil (₦8) Money available: ₦20 Total cost: ₦_____ Change: ₦_____
6. Word problems:

• Ada wants to buy 3 items: eraser (₦3), sweet (₦2), and biscuit (₦5). She has ₦15. How much change will she get?
• Bola buys bread for ₦15 and gives ₦25. What change should she receive?

7. Shopping challenge: You have exactly ₦30. List 3 different combinations of items you can buy that will use all or most of your money.
8. True or False:

• ₦20 is enough to buy bread (₦15) and apple (₦6): _____
• ₦50 – ₦33 = ₦17: _____
• 4 sweets at ₦2 each cost ₦8: _____

9. Missing numbers:

• Item costs ₦_____, paid ₦30, change ₦12
• Items cost ₦25, paid ₦_____, change ₦10

10. Plan a shopping trip: You have ₦45. Plan to buy 4 different items. Show your calculations: Item 1: _____ = ₦_____ Item 2: _____ = ₦_____
    Item 3: _____ = ₦_____ Item 4: _____ = ₦_____ Total: ₦_____ Change: ₦_____