Issues and Challenges in Sports and PHE Basic 6 Physical & Health Education Lesson Note

LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Discuss issues and challenges in sports
2. Mention different types of issues and challenges
3. List different types of drugs
4. Highlight the uses of drugs
5. Investigate the effects of drinking and smoking
6. Summarize the effects of drugs on athletes

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN SPORTS AND PHE

1. DRUG ABUSE IN SPORTS

Definition: Using prohibited substances to enhance performance or taking drugs incorrectly.

Types of Performance-Enhancing Drugs:

• Steroids (build muscle)
• Stimulants (increase energy)
• Blood doping (increase oxygen)

Why It’s Wrong:

• Cheating
• Unfair advantage
• Health risks
• Against rules
• Bad example

2. POOR SPORTS FACILITIES

Challenges:

• No proper fields or courts
• Broken equipment
• No changing rooms
• Unsafe playing areas

3. LACK OF FUNDING

Problems:

• Cannot buy equipment
• No money for training
• Cannot travel for competitions
• Poor athlete support

4. GENDER DISCRIMINATION

Issues:

• Girls not encouraged in sports
• Less opportunities for females
• Unequal treatment
• Cultural barriers

5. VIOLENCE IN SPORTS

Problems:

• Fighting during games
• Fan violence
• Aggression
• Injuries

TYPES OF DRUGS

1. MEDICINES (Prescription Drugs):

• Treat illnesses
• Must be prescribed by doctor
• Examples: Antibiotics, painkillers

2. OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUGS:

• Can buy without prescription
• Examples: Paracetamol, cough syrup

3. RECREATIONAL DRUGS:

• Used for pleasure, not medicine
• Often illegal
• Examples: Marijuana, cocaine

4. PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING DRUGS:

• Used to improve sports performance
• Banned in competitions
• Dangerous

PROPER USE OF DRUGS

• Take as prescribed
• Follow dosage
• Don’t share medicines
• Store properly
• Don’t self-medicate

EFFECTS OF SMOKING

Short-term:

• Bad breath
• Yellow teeth
• Coughing
• Difficulty breathing

Long-term:

• Lung cancer
• Heart disease
• Stroke
• Early death
• Addiction

EFFECTS OF DRINKING ALCOHOL

Short-term:

• Dizziness
• Poor judgment
• Accidents
• Violence

Long-term:

• Liver damage
• Brain damage
• Addiction
• Family problems
• Health issues

EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON ATHLETES

Negative Effects:

• Heart problems
• Liver damage
• Mood swings
• Aggression
• Addiction
• Disqualification
• Loss of medals
• Banned from sports
• Poor role model
• Health complications

Why Athletes Should Avoid Drugs:

• Fair competition
• Health protection
• Good example
• Career preservation
• Rule compliance

EVALUATION

1. What is drug abuse?
2. Why is smoking harmful?
3. Name three challenges in sports
4. What are performance-enhancing drugs?
5. Why should athletes avoid drugs?

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Performance-enhancing drugs are used to ________

1. a) Treat illness
2. b) Cheat in sports
3. c) Help digestion
4. d) Cure headaches

1. Smoking can cause ________

1. a) Good health
2. b) Lung cancer
3. c) Happiness
4. d) Energy

1. Athletes caught using banned drugs are ________

1. a) Rewarded
2. b) Disqualified
3. c) Praised
4. d) Promoted

1. Alcohol affects the ________

1. a) Hair only
2. b) Brain and liver
3. c) Nails only
4. d) Skin color

1. Medicines should be taken ________

1. a) Anytime
2. b) As prescribed
3. c) In large doses
4. d) By everyone

ANSWERS: 1.b 2.b 3.b 4.b 5.b

HOMEWORK

1. List five challenges facing sports in Nigeria
2. Explain why drug abuse is wrong in sports
3. State five effects of smoking
4. Why is alcohol harmful to the body?
5. What advice would you give to young athletes about drugs?