Binary Number – Basic 5 Mathematics Lesson Note (Third Term)

Instructional Objectives: Allow Pupil to Carefully understand the following
Behavioural Objectives: By the end of this lesson pupils should be able to:

Behavioural Objectives

• Convert decimal numbers to binary and vice versa
• Demonstrate understanding of the binary system
• Create simple decimal numbers in binary and vice versa
• Calculate addition and subtraction in binary system
• Demonstrate values without difficulties

Previous Knowledge

Pupils are familiar with place values in the decimal system

Set Induction (Starter)

Do you think it is easy to work with numbers using only 1 and 0? How many digits can 1 and 0 make? Can 1 make more numbers?

Lesson Development (Content Breakdown)

1. What Are Binary Numbers?

• Binary numbers use only two digits: 0 and 1
• Examples:
  1. 1₂ = 1₁₀ (1 in decimal)
  2. 10₂ = 2₁₀ (2 in decimal)
  3. 11₂ = 3₁₀ (3 in decimal)
  4. 100₂ = 4₁₀ (4 in decimal)

2. Binary Addition Rules

Basic Rules:

Examples:

• 1₂ + 1₂ = 10₂
• 10₂ + 1₂ = 11₂
• 11₂ + 1₂ = 100₂

3. Binary Subtraction Rules

Basic Rules:

Examples:

• 10₂ – 1₂ = 1₂
• 11₂ – 1₂ = 10₂
• 100₂ – 1₂ = 11₂

Class Activities (Pupils + Teacher)

Activity 1: Convert Numbers

Have the following decimal numbers in binary:

• 5₁₀ = ?₂
• 8₁₀ = ?₂

Activity 2: Binary Addition

Solve the following:

• 101₂ + 11₂ = ?₂
• 110₂ + 10₂ = ?₂
• 1₂ + 1₂ = ?₂

Activity 3: Binary Subtraction

Solve the following:

• 101₂ – 10₂ = ?₂
• 110₂ – 1₂ = ?₂
• 11₂ – 1₂ = ?₂

Teacher-Learner Interaction

• Allow the pupils answers a well calculation = 1 have give = they hear
• Allow learners to examine the calculations carefully to see the relation between = 1 + 1 = 10

Evaluation Questions

1. Convert 5₁₀ to binary 
   • Answer: 101₂
2. What does 10₂ mean in decimal system? 
   • Answer: 2₁₀
3. Add: 11₂ + 1₂ = ? 
   • Answer: 100₂
4. What is binary number 101₂ in decimal? 
   • Answer: 5₁₀

Part A: 1-15 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions with Options (A-D)

1. Binary numbers use only _______ digits. 
   1. a) one
   2. b) two
   3. c) three
   4. d) four
2. The digits used in binary system are _______ 
   1. a) 0,1,2,3
   2. b) 0,1
   3. c) 1,2
   4. d) 0,1,2
3. Convert 3₁₀ to binary: _______ 
   1. a) 10₂
   2. b) 11₂
   3. c) 101₂
   4. d) 110₂
4. 1₂ + 1₂ = _______ 
   1. a) 1₂
   2. b) 10₂
   3. c) 11₂
   4. d) 2₂
5. The binary number 100₂ equals _______ in decimal. 
   1. a) 3
   2. b) 4
   3. c) 5
   4. d) 6
6. Subtraction: 10₂ – 1₂ = _______ 
   1. a) 0₂
   2. b) 1₂
   3. c) 10₂
   4. d) 11₂
7. The binary number 11₂ represents _______ in decimal. 
   1. a) 2
   2. b) 3
   3. c) 4
   4. d) 5
8. Addition: 101₂ + 10₂ = _______ 
   1. a) 110₂
   2. b) 111₂
   3. c) 1000₂
   4. d) 1001₂
9. Converting 6₁₀ to binary gives _______ 
   1. a) 101₂
   2. b) 110₂
   3. c) 111₂
   4. d) 1000₂
10. Binary subtraction: 101₂ – 1₂ = _______ 
    1. a) 100₂
    2. b) 101₂
    3. c) 110₂
    4. d) 111₂
11. The largest single digit in binary system is _______ 
    1. a) 0
    2. b) 1
    3. c) 2
    4. d) 9
12. What is 10₂ in decimal system? 
    1. a) 1
    2. b) 2
    3. c) 3
    4. d) 10
13. Binary addition: 11₂ + 11₂ = _______ 
    1. a) 22₂
    2. b) 110₂
    3. c) 111₂
    4. d) 1010₂
14. The decimal number 7 in binary is _______ 
    1. a) 110₂
    2. b) 111₂
    3. c) 1000₂
    4. d) 1001₂
15. What is the result of 1000₂ – 1₂? 
    1. a) 111₂
    2. b) 110₂
    3. c) 101₂
    4. d) 100₂

Answer Key

1. b) two
2. b) 0,1
3. b) 11₂
4. b) 10₂
5. b) 4
6. b) 1₂
7. b) 3
8. b) 111₂
9. b) 110₂
10. a) 100₂
11. b) 1
12. b) 2
13. b) 110₂
14. b) 111₂
15. a) 111₂