Learning Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Make many words from the given words ii. Define and give examples of modal auxiliaries (must, ought to, will, have to, shall, can, must) iii. Complete phrases with sentences iv. Summarize long sentences

Learning Activities

1. Pupils in small groups brainstorm to provide many new words or compound words from the first three words. Examples (custom – customs, customers, customary, custom-built, custom-made, custom-built). 
2. Another group do the synonymous of a given word eg (cold) chilly, cold, icy frosty, arctic, snowy, wintry frozen. 
3. Pupils, in small group complete a phrase on the board by adding extra words to make the sentence longer eg (dog) the dog, I saved the dog, I saved the dog yesterday, I was very happy when I saved the dog yesterday etc. 
4. Pupils in pairs, remove words and phrases from a very long sentence and end that sentence and makes it the same. 
5. Further Reading: www.englishbright.co.uk 

Embedded Core Skills

1. Communication and Collaboration ii. Critical thinking and problem solving iii. Leadership skills and Personal Development iv. Creativity and Imagination

Learning Materials

• Wall charts
• Flash cards
• Word / Sentence building games
• Drilling games
• Web Resources

Making new words from a given word

There are many ways to create new words from a given word, and there are no hard and fast rules for doing so. Some common ways to create new words from a given word include:

1. Adding prefixes or suffixes: Prefixes are added to the beginning of a word, and suffixes are added to the end of a word. For example, adding the prefix “re-” to the word “do” creates the word “redo,” and adding the suffix “-able” to the word “work” creates the word “workable.” 
2. Combining words: Words can be combined to create new words. For example, the words “sea” and “shore” can be combined to create the word “seashore.” 
3. Using abbreviations: Words can be shortened by using abbreviations. For example, the word “telephone” can be shortened to “phone.” 
4. Using acronyms: Words can be represented by an acronym, which is a pronounceable word made up of the first letters of a series of words. For example, the phrase “light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation” can be shortened to “laser.” 
5. Using compound words: Words can be combined to create compound words. For example, the words “sun” and “flower” can be combined to create the word “sunflower.” 

For more examples, these are more words that can be made from the word “custom”:

1. Customs
2. Customize
3. Customized
4. Customization
5. Customizing
6. Customary
7. Customer
8. Customers
9. Custom-made
10. Custom-house
11. Custom-built etc [Ref ad: 440091]

Here are a few more examples of how new words can be made from the word “custom”:

• Customarily: In a way that is typical or expected based on custom or tradition.
• Customization: The act of adapting or modifying something to meet the specific needs or preferences of an individual or group.
• Customary: Conforming to or based on custom or tradition.
• Custom-made: Made to the specifications or requirements of a particular customer.
• Custom-house: A government building where duties are collected on imported goods.
• Custom-built: Specifically designed or constructed for a particular purpose or customer.

Customary law: The body of unwritten rules and traditions that are recognized and enforced by a community or group.

Note that some of these words, such as “customarily” and “customary,” are adjectives that describe something as being typical or based on custom, while others like “customization” and “custom-made,” are nouns that refer to specific actions or things.

Synonyms of cold like chilly, cold, icy, frosty, arctic, snowy, wintry frozen.

• frigid
• solid
• nippy
• polar
• glacial
• subzero
• frostbitten
• thermal
• arctic-like
• frozen solid
• ice-cold
• biting
• numbing
• rigidly cold
• overcast and cold
• icebound
• snowy and cold
• wintry cold
• glacial temperatures