Introduction to Multiplication – Basic 2 Mathematics Lesson Note (Second Term)

Learning Objectives

By the end of this week, pupils should be able to:

• Count and identify numbers from 250-300 and order from 1-300
• Skip count in 2s, 3s, 5s, and 10s
• Write numbers 250-300 in numerals and words
• Understand and explain the concept of multiplication
• Identify the multiplication sign (×)
• Multiply numbers using repeated addition
• Apply multiplication to real-life situations

Lesson Content

Day 1: Counting and Skip Counting Review

Number Range Focus:

• Practice counting 250-300: 250, 251, 252… 300
• Order numbers from 1-300
• Write numbers 250-300 in numerals and words

Skip Counting Mastery:

• In 2s: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20…
• In 3s: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30…
• In 5s: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50…
• In 10s: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100…

Day 2-3: Understanding Multiplication

What is Multiplication? Multiplication is repeated addition of the same number.

The Multiplication Sign (×):

• The × sign means “groups of” or “times”
• 3 × 4 means “3 groups of 4” or “4 added 3 times”

Repeated Addition Examples:

• 2 × 3 = 3 + 3 = 6
• 4 × 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8
• 3 × 5 = 5 + 5 + 5 = 15

Visual Representation:

2 × 4 = 4 + 4 = 8

• ●●● ●●●● = 8 dots

Day 4: Multiplication as Groups

Understanding Groups:

Example 1: 3 × 4

• 3 groups of 4 objects each
• Group 1: ●●●●
• Group 2: ●●●●
• Group 3: ●●●●
• Total: 4 + 4 + 4 = 12

Example 2: 2 × 6

• 2 groups of 6 objects each
• Group 1: ○○○○○○
• Group 2: ○○○○○○
• Total: 6 + 6 = 12

Connection to Skip Counting:

• 3 × 4 is the same as counting in 4s three times: 4, 8, 12
• 2 × 5 is the same as counting in 5s two times: 5, 10

Day 5: Real-Life Applications

Everyday Multiplication:

• 3 boxes with 4 apples each = 3 × 4 = 12 apples
• 2 bags with 5 oranges each = 2 × 5 = 10 oranges
• 4 groups of 3 children each = 4 × 3 = 12 children

Examples in Class

Basic Multiplication Examples:

Example 1: 2 × 3

• 2 groups of 3
• 3 + 3 = 6
• Answer: 6

Example 2: 4 × 2

• 4 groups of 2
• 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8
• Answer: 8

Example 3: 3 × 5

• 3 groups of 5
• 5 + 5 + 5 = 15
• Answer: 15

Real-Life Examples:

Classroom Desks: “There are 4 rows of desks. Each row has 5 desks. How many desks altogether?” 4 × 5 = 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 20 desks

Fruit Baskets: “A shop has 3 baskets. Each basket has 6 mangoes. How many mangoes in total?” 3 × 6 = 6 + 6 + 6 = 18 mangoes

Money Example: “John has 5 coins. Each coin is worth 2 naira. How much money does he have?” 5 × 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10 naira

Exercises

Exercise 1: Number Practice

Write these numbers:

1. Two hundred and sixty-seven = ___
2. Two hundred and eighty-five = ___
3. 274 in words = ___
4. 293 in words = ___

Order from smallest to largest: 5. 267, 285, 274, 293, 258

Exercise 2: Skip Counting

Complete these patterns:

1. Count in 2s: 2, 4, 6, ___, 10, ___, 14, ___
2. Count in 3s: 3, 6, 9, ___, 15, ___, 21, ___
3. Count in 5s: 5, 10, 15, ___, 25, ___, 35, ___
4. Count in 10s: 10, 20, 30, ___, 50, ___, 70, ___

Exercise 3: Understanding Multiplication

Write the repeated addition for each:

1. 2 × 4 = ___ + ___ = ___
2. 3 × 3 = ___ + ___ + ___ = ___
3. 4 × 2 = ___ + ___ + ___ + ___ = ___
4. 2 × 6 = ___ + ___ = ___

Exercise 4: Groups and Multiplication

Draw or describe the groups:

1. 3 × 4 means ___ groups of ___ each
2. 2 × 5 means ___ groups of ___ each
3. 4 × 3 means ___ groups of ___ each

Exercise 5: Simple Multiplication

Solve using repeated addition:

1. 2 × 3 = ___
2. 3 × 4 = ___
3. 2 × 5 = ___
4. 4 × 2 = ___
5. 3 × 2 = ___
6. 2 × 6 = ___
7. 5 × 2 = ___
8. 3 × 5 = ___

Exercise 6: Word Problems

1. There are 3 boxes. Each box has 4 balls. How many balls are there altogether? ___ × ___ = ___ 
2. A farmer has 2 baskets. Each basket has 8 eggs. How many eggs in total? ___ × ___ = ___ 
3. In a classroom, there are 4 tables. Each table has 3 books. How many books altogether? ___ × ___ = ___ 
4. Mary bought 5 packs of sweets. Each pack has 2 sweets. How many sweets did she buy? ___ × ___ = ___ 

Exercise 7: Real-Life Applications

1. A shop has 3 shelves. Each shelf has 6 bottles. How many bottles in total? 
2. There are 4 children. Each child has 3 pencils. How many pencils altogether? 
3. A parking lot has 2 rows. Each row has 7 cars. How many cars in the parking lot? 
4. John collected bottle tops for 5 days. Each day he collected 4 bottle tops. How many bottle tops did he collect in total? 

Exercise 8: Connect to Skip Counting

1. 3 × 4 = skip count in 4s: 4, ___, ___
2. 2 × 5 = skip count in 5s: 5, ___
3. 4 × 3 = skip count in 3s: 3, ___, ___, ___
4. 5 × 2 = skip count in 2s: 2, ___, ___, ___, ___

Fun Activities

• Array Building: Use objects to make multiplication arrays
• Skip Counting Songs: Sing while skip counting
• Multiplication Stories: Act out multiplication scenarios
• Group Games: Form groups to demonstrate multiplication

Homework

• Practice skip counting in 2s, 3s, 5s, and 10s daily
• Find 5 examples of “groups of” situations at home
• Practice basic multiplication facts using repeated addition
• Write numbers 280-300 neatly

Assessment

• Can the child skip count accurately in different numbers?
• Do they understand multiplication as repeated addition?
• Can they solve simple multiplication problems?
• Can they identify multiplication situations in real life?
• Do they understand the concept of equal groups?