Speech Work: Consonant Sound /h/ – JSS2 English Lesson Note (First Term)

consonant /h/

•             Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech.
•             Writing: formal Letter: A Letter of Invitation
•             Literature
•             Topic: Consonant

Content /h/

hit, hood, hawk, home, herd, hide, hall, whole, who, whore, whom, head, behave, adhere, abhor, inhabit, perhaps, behold, behind, ahead, inhale, inhibit, rehearse, inherit.

/h/ does not occur at the end of a word and it is not pronounced in words like ‘hour’, ‘honour’, ‘honest’, ‘heir’, ‘vehicle’, ‘exhibit’, and ‘exhaust’.

Evaluation: Write out twenty examples for /h/.

Reading Assignment: Exam Focus English JSCE page 143 – 144

•        Topic: Speech

Content: Direct and Indirect Speech

What a person says can be shown by using direct speech or indirect speech.

1.         Direct Speech is the actual words of the speaker used within inverted commas.

Examples:

I said, “I don’t understand you.”

She asked, “What are you doing here?”

The sweeper said, “There is nobody in the library.”

2.    Indirect Speech reports what a person said earlier to someone else without the use of inverted commas.

Examples

I said that I didn’t understand him.

She asked me what I was doing there.

The sweeper said that there was nobody in the library.

Points to Remember. 

1a. In indirect speech, the tense used follows that of the main verb in direct speech

Examples:

Direct: “I will help you,” she promised.

Indirect: She promised that she would help us.

1b. Tense changes in reported speech. If the reporting verb is the present tense, the future tense remains unchanged.

Example:

Paloma says, “I shall go to Delhi tomorrow.”

Paloma says that she will go to Delhi tomorrow.

1c. If the reporting verb is in the past tense, the reported verb is subjected to change.

Direct speech                                   Indirect Speech

Simple Present                                     Simple Past

Present Continuous                          Past Continuous

Present Perfect                                     Past perfect

Present perfect continuous          past perfect continuous

Simple past                                         past perfect

Past continuous past                    perfect continuous

Past perfect                                      No change

Past perfect continuous               No change

Some Examples

        John said, “I cook rice every day.”

John said that he cooked rice every day.

        John said, “I am cooking rice.”

John said that he was cooking rice.

        John said, “I cooked rice”.

John said he had cooked rice.

        John said, “I have cooked rice.”

John said that he had cooked rice.

        John said, “I have been cooking rice.”

John said that he had been cooking rice.

        John said, “I was cooking rice.”

John said that he had been cooking rice.

        Reported Speech expressing a universal truth or habitual fact is not changed.

Example: My father said, “Honesty is the best policy.”

My father said that honesty is the best policy.

The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.”

The teacher said that the sun moves around the sun.

        Pronoun changes,

Direct            Indirect

I/you     he/she/they

You     him/her/them

We     they

My     his/her

Your         my

Our         their

Me     him/her, them

Use     them

    Change place and time

Direct     Reported

Here             there

Today             that day

These               those

This morning that morning

Yesterday the day before

Tomorrow the next day

Next week the following week

Next month the following month

Tonight     that night

Ago     before

        Other examples:

1.         Sekinat asked, “Where is Chukwu?”

Sekinat asked us where Chukwu was.

 2.        Lara said, “Would you like a cup of tea?”

Lara asked me whether/if I would like a cup of tea.

3.      Mr. Taiwo said, “Do your work quietly”

                  Mr. Taiwo told us to do our work quietly.

4.     She said, “Sit down, please.”

                   She invited us to sit down.

Evaluations: Change the direct speech to reported speech.

1.         The professor said, “ I work all day.”
2.         He said, “I will be visiting Italy in December.”
3.         The weatherman announced, “It may rain today.”
4.         “I can be a great president.” said Martin.

Reading Assignment: ExamFocus English JSCE page 93 – 94; English Grammar by P.O 

Olatunbosun page 90 – 94

•    Topic: Writing – A Formal Letter of Invitation

In week four, you were taught formal letters. Your task in this lesson is to write a formal letter of invitation.

Evaluation: Your school is organizing a talk show on the topic of Child abuse. As the secretary of the organizing committee of the school, write a formal letter of invitation to be sent out to neighboring schools, highlighting the various benefits they stand to gain in the talk show. 

GENERAL EVALUATION/REVISION

Choose the correct option.

1.         She didn’t know ____ when his boss called. a. He was where b. Where he was c. Was he where d. Where was he
2.         Malaria, which can be fatal let untreated, is transmitted by the female, ____ by the male mosquito. a. Not b. however. c. despite d. instead.
3.         A good student must know _____ a. to study hard  b. to be a good student   c. how to study effectively  d. the way of efficiency in study.
4.         Perspiration increases ____ vigorous exercise or hot weather.  a. during b. when  c. at the time  d. for
5.         Physical fitness exercises can cause injuries ____ the participants are not careful. a. that b. to  c. if   d. with

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1.         For each question, choose the best answer from the options given.
2.         “We’re going out for dinner tonight,” announced Dad. Dad told us that ______ a. we were going out for dinner that night b. we’re going out for dinner tonight  c. we were going out for dinner the following night d. we would be going out for dinner the previous night.
3.         “Where’s the class monitor?” asked the headmaster. The headmaster wanted to know _____. a. where was the class monitor b. where the class monitor was   c. where is the class monitor   d. where the class monitor would be.
4.         “I’m sure Ibrahim was not telling the truth when he spoke to us yesterday,” commented Abdullah. Abdullah commented that he was sure that Ibrahim was not ______. a. tells them the truth when he speaks to them yesterday b. told them the truth when he spoke to them yesterday  c. telling them the truth when he spoke to them that day d. telling them the truth when he spoke to them the previous day
5.         “What are you doing here?” asked Asake. Asake asked me _____. a. what am I doing here  b. what I was doing here   c. what was I doing here    d. what were I doing here
6.         “I’m going home now,” he said. He said that he was _____.  A. going home now b. going home then c. went home now d. gone home then

        English Grammar by P.O Olatunbosun, Page 93 Exercise 16, 4(a-g).