Speech Work: Listening and Speaking the /l∂/ Sound – JSS2 English Lesson Note (First Term)

 SPEECH WORK: Listening and speaking

The /l∂/ sound e.g. /ear, clear, hear).

The articulation of this diphthong involves a gliding movement of the tongue toward the center as illustrated in the following vowel chart.

   If you pronounce the word ‘here’ the shape of the lips remains neutral from the beginning of the articulation of the diphthong to the end while the glide begins with a tongue position/i/ and more in the direction of /∂/. The spelling symbols for/ld/ are:

   ‘Ere’’ as in here.

   ‘’ear’’ as in hear.

   ‘Eer’’ as in beer.

   ‘Eir’’ as in weird.

GRAMMAR: More on active and passive voices.

ACTIVE VOICE: in active voice, the action of the subject on the object is mentioned.  The subject of a particular sentence does something to the object. In other words, the subject of the sentences is the doer of the action. The subject of a sentence refers to the person or thing that the writer or speaker is talking about, the subject of a sentence is either a noun or a pronoun. Example:

1.   The man sold his clothes.
2.   Alake killed a lion.
3.   The policeman caught the thieves
4.   The cat killed the rat.

The subject becomes the object and vice versa.

  I become me

  We become us

   She becomes her

   He becomes him.

v    The verb is changed to the past participle.

v The auxiliary verb should agree with the subject.

1. B) PASSIVE VOICE: the object of the verb is placed in the subject position of the sentence. In other words, the subject of the sentence is the receiver of the action. Examples:

The dog was sold by the boy

The lion was killed by Alade.

The house was destroyed by fire.

Thieves were caught by policemen.

More examples of active and passive voice.      

                Active voice                                                       Passive voice

a)   Bola eats rice                                 Rice is eaten by Bola

b)   He sells books                               Books are sold by him

c)   Bola is eating rice now                      Rice is being eaten by Bola

d)   Kemi was eating rice             Rice was being eaten by Kemi

e)   Does she eat yam                         Is yam eaten by her

f)   Is he writing a letter?                   Is a letter being written by him?

g)   Did he steal the book?                         Was the book stolen by him?

h)   Shall we buy the bag?                Will the bag be bought by us?

LESSON THREE (3)

READING AND COMPREHENSION

Identification of words that point to the writer’s intention on contemporary issues like corruption.

New Oxford; Secondary English Course for junior secondary school book 2 (upper basic education).

Unit 2 “The thief”. Page 15 – 17

The writer’s intention points to the contemporary issue of corruption according to the passage. 

1.       Bulgar proofing
2.       Fright
3.       Harmful object
4.       Crackled
5.       Trod
6.       Outwit
7.       Accidentally

Instruction: Read the passage carefully and note the words that point to the writer’s intention as listed above.

Answer questions 1 – 5 on page 17 

VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT

WORDS ASSOCIATED WITH HOSPITAL

Reference: New Oxford Book 2, page 22. Increase your word power.

Have you been to a hospital either as a patient or a visitor? If you have, you will notice the various departments that make up the hospital. For instance, there are a casualty department that attends to and treats accident victims – Also we have the following obstetrics and gynaecology (treatment of disease). It concerns with birth of children. Pediatrics – is concerned with children. Surgery – for operation. Cardiology – (for the heart) nephrology (dealing with the kidney) neurology – (dealing with the brain) dermatology (slain) and gastroenterology (concern with the stomach organs such as the intestine, liver & spleen). Dentist – treats the teeth, ophthalmic optician – who exams your eye, etc.

LESSON FOUR

COMPOSITION: elements of composition: pre-writing, writing, edition, body and conclusion.

1. Pre-writing (Introduction): An essay should introduction. The introduction helps to provide enough information for the proper understanding of the body or middle of the essay. An introduction should show what the essay is about.
2. The body of the essay: take note of the following points.
3. Write clear and simple English and try to avoid pompous language.
4. Write down the main points and arrange them in order
5. Mind your tenses
6. Pay attention to spelling and punctuation
7. Try to develop a paragraph around your main points

Coherence: coherence means consistency or sticking together of ideas, speech, etc.

3. Conclusion: the essay should have a conclusion. The conclusion should draw together the idea and its relationship with the major points. It should be brief and logical.

LESSON FIVE

LITERATURE – IN –ENGLISH

FEATURES OF FOLKTALES

Folktales are stories that were made up long ago. These stories were made to teach people how to live good lives and how to live wisely. The stories are quite funny, amusing, entertaining and exciting. Many of them teach moral lessons. Folk tales were told throughout the world. So we have folk tales from Nigeria, Africa, China etc. Human and animalistic images can be used to represent character.