Fractions (1/2 and 1/4) – Basic 2 Mathematics Lesson Note (First Term)

Learning Objectives

By the end of this week, pupils should be able to:

• Count and identify numbers from 1-370
• Write numbers 350-370 and 1-370 in numerals and words
• Understand the meaning of fractions (1/2 and 1/4)
• Divide collections of objects into halves and quarters
• Find 1/2 and 1/4 of given numbers of objects
• Read and write fractions correctly

Lesson Content

Day 1: Counting to 370

New Number Range:

• Practice counting from 1-370
• Focus on numbers 350-370: 350, 351, 352… 370
• Learn to read and write these numbers
• Practice both forward and reverse counting

Day 2-3: Understanding Fractions

What are Fractions? Fractions are parts of a whole thing or group of things.

Half (1/2):

• When we divide something into 2 equal parts
• Each part is called “one half”
• We write it as 1/2
• Both parts must be exactly the same size

Quarter (1/4):

• When we divide something into 4 equal parts
• Each part is called “one quarter”
• We write it as 1/4
• All four parts must be exactly the same size

Day 4: Fractions with Objects

Finding 1/2 of Objects:

Example: 1/2 of 8 eggs

• Divide 8 eggs into 2 equal groups
• 8 ÷ 2 = 4
• So 1/2 of 8 = 4 eggs

Example: 1/2 of 12 balls

• Divide 12 balls into 2 equal groups
• 12 ÷ 2 = 6
• So 1/2 of 12 = 6 balls

Finding 1/4 of Objects:

Example: 1/4 of 8 oranges

• Divide 8 oranges into 4 equal groups
• 8 ÷ 4 = 2
• So 1/4 of 8 = 2 oranges

Day 5: Practice and Application

More Examples:

• 1/2 of 10 pencils = 5 pencils
• 1/2 of 16 sweets = 8 sweets
• 1/4 of 12 books = 3 books
• 1/4 of 16 toys = 4 toys

Examples in Class

Visual Examples with Shapes:

Circle divided in half:

Rectangle divided into quarters:

Real-Life Examples:

Sharing Food:

• “Mom bought 8 apples. She gives half to you and half to your sister.”
• 1/2 of 8 apples = 4 apples for each child

Classroom Supplies:

• “We have 12 colored pencils. We put 1/4 in each corner of the table.”
• 1/4 of 12 = 3 pencils in each corner

Collection Examples:

• 1/2 of 6 oranges = 3 oranges
• 1/2 of 14 marbles = 7 marbles
• 1/4 of 20 buttons = 5 buttons
• 1/4 of 16 stickers = 4 stickers

Exercises

Exercise 1: Number Practice

Write these numbers:

1. Three hundred and fifty-five = ___
2. Three hundred and sixty-eight = ___
3. 352 in words = ___
4. 367 in words = ___

Exercise 2: Understanding Fractions

1. Draw a circle and divide it into 2 equal parts. Color 1/2.
2. Draw a square and divide it into 4 equal parts. Color 1/4.
3. What does 1/2 mean? ___
4. What does 1/4 mean? ___

Exercise 3: Finding 1/2

Find half of these:

1. 1/2 of 8 eggs = ___ eggs
2. 1/2 of 10 oranges = ___ oranges
3. 1/2 of 12 balls = ___ balls
4. 1/2 of 16 pencils = ___ pencils
5. 1/2 of 6 books = ___ books

Exercise 4: Finding 1/4

Find one quarter of these:

1. 1/4 of 8 boxes = ___ boxes
2. 1/4 of 12 sweets = ___ sweets
3. 1/4 of 16 toys = ___ toys
4. 1/4 of 20 marbles = ___ marbles

Exercise 5: Mixed Practice

1. 1/2 of 14 = ___
2. 1/4 of 12 = ___
3. 1/2 of 18 = ___
4. 1/4 of 16 = ___

Exercise 6: Word Problems

1. Mary has 10 stickers. She gives half to her friend. How many stickers does she give away? 
2. A box contains 16 chocolates. If we eat 1/4 of them, how many chocolates do we eat? 
3. There are 12 children in a group. Half of them are boys. How many boys are there? 
4. A pizza is cut into 8 equal pieces. John eats 1/4 of the pizza. How many pieces does he eat? 

Fun Activities

• Fraction Art: Use paper plates, circles, and squares to make fraction art
• Sharing Game: Use real objects like blocks or sweets to practice sharing equally
• Fraction Hunt: Find things that can be divided into halves and quarters around the classroom

Homework

• Practice finding 1/2 and 1/4 of different numbers at home
• Help parents divide food or items equally
• Draw 5 shapes and divide them into halves and quarters

Assessment

• Can the child count to 370 accurately?
• Do they understand what fractions mean?
• Can they find 1/2 and 1/4 of given collections?
• Can they divide objects into equal parts?
• Do they understand that all parts must be equal in fractions?