Emergency – SS2 Civic Education Lesson Note (Second Term)

Emergency can be defined as urgent situations that require the suspension of the constitution to restore law and order. During periods of emergency government institutions such as legislature, executive and judiciary may not be able to carry out their regular functions and citizens may be restricted from their human rights until the emergency is lifted.

What happens during emergency period?

1. Partial or temporary suspension of the constitution.
2. The principles of the rule of law may be ignored.
3. Movement may be restricted to certain areas or hours of the day.
4. Some arrests can be carried out without any warrant.
5. There may be restrictions on freedom of expression and the press.
6. Human rights may be violated in the interest of security.
7. It can lead to the involvement of the military in politics.

Ways of reducing emergency

1. Respect for Constitution: In a situation where people have respect for the constitution and laws of the land there will be a reduction in emergency cases.

2. Promotion of Human Rights: Respect for human rights in conduct and relationship with other people will reduce emergency cases in society.

3. Good Government: A situation where the government is responsive and responsible to the people there may not be any need for an emergency.

4. Socio-Economic Development: The provision of basic infrastructure can reduce the causes of emergency. Where there is socio-economic development people can live in harmony with one another thereby promoting peace and orderliness.

5. Public Enlightenment: People should be educated on the need to promote the social well-being of society. They should be taught their civic responsibilities to the government and the society at large.

6. Respect for Democratic Principles: A state where people have respect for democratic principles such as the rule of law, popular participation and fundamental rights will reduce emergency cases.