The Growth of Industry in Nigeria Basic 6 History Lesson Note

Learning Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

• Describe the various kinds of industries in Nigeria
• List where the industries are located
• Explain the role of economic industrialization in Nigeria

Content

WEEK 2: UNDERSTANDING INDUSTRIALIZATION IN NIGERIA

What is Industry? Industry refers to economic activities that involve the production of goods through manufacturing, processing raw materials, or providing services. Industries transform raw materials into finished products that people can use.

What is Industrialization? Industrialization is the process by which a country develops industries and manufacturing on a large scale. It involves moving from an agricultural-based economy to a manufacturing-based economy.

History of Industrialization in Nigeria:

Pre-Independence Period (Before 1960):

• Traditional Crafts: Blacksmithing, pottery, weaving, carving
• Colonial Industries: Mainly processing raw materials for export
• Limited Manufacturing: Few industries established by colonial government
• Focus: Export of raw materials (cocoa, palm oil, groundnuts, cotton)

Early Independence Period (1960-1970):

• Import Substitution: Policy to replace imported goods with local production
• Government Initiative: Government established key industries
• Foreign Investment: Attracted foreign companies to establish factories
• Infrastructure Development: Power, roads, and communication for industries

Oil Boom Period (1970-1985):

• Oil Revenue Investment: Used oil money to establish industries
• Massive Industrialization: Many factories built across the country
• Steel Industry: Ajaokuta Steel Complex and other metal industries
• Petrochemical Industries: Processing oil into chemicals and plastics

Modern Period (1985-Present):

• Privatization: Government sold many industries to private owners
• Foreign Investment: Encouraged international companies to invest
• Technology Improvement: Introduction of modern manufacturing technology
• Service Industries: Growth of banking, telecommunications, entertainment

Types of Industries in Nigeria:

1. PRIMARY INDUSTRIES These industries extract raw materials directly from nature.

Mining Industries:

• Tin Mining: Jos Plateau (Plateau State)
• Coal Mining: Enugu (Enugu State) – now largely inactive
• Limestone: Sokoto, Ogun, Cross River States
• Iron Ore: Kogi, Enugu States
• Salt: Lagos, Borno States

Agricultural Processing:

• Palm Oil Mills: Cross River, Akwa Ibom, Rivers States
• Rice Mills: Kebbi, Niger, Kaduna States
• Cocoa Processing: Ondo, Ogun, Osun States
• Cotton Ginning: Kano, Kaduna, Borno States

Oil and Gas:

• Crude Oil Extraction: Rivers, Bayelsa, Delta, Akwa Ibom States
• Natural Gas Processing: Bonny Island (Rivers State)
• Oil Refineries: Port Harcourt, Warri, Kaduna

2. SECONDARY INDUSTRIES These industries process raw materials into finished products.

Textile Industries:

• Kaduna Textiles: Kaduna State
• Kano Textiles: Kano State
• Aba Textiles: Abia State
• Lagos Textiles: Lagos State
• Products: Clothing, fabrics, garments

Food Processing Industries:

• Flour Mills: Lagos, Kano, Kaduna States
• Sugar Refineries: Bacita (Kwara), Numan (Adamawa)
• Beverage Companies: Nigerian Breweries, Coca-Cola (multiple locations)
• Food Companies: Nestlé, Unilever (Lagos, Ogun States)

Steel and Metal Industries:

• Ajaokuta Steel Complex: Kogi State
• Delta Steel Company: Delta State
• Aluminum Smelter: Ikot Abasi (Akwa Ibom State)
• Products: Steel bars, aluminum sheets, metal products

Chemical and Petrochemical Industries:

• Indorama Petrochemicals: Port Harcourt (Rivers State)
• Notore Chemical Industries: Onne (Rivers State)
• Products: Fertilizers, chemicals, plastics, pharmaceuticals

3. TERTIARY INDUSTRIES These industries provide services to people and other industries.

Banking and Finance:

• Commercial Banks: Access, GTBank, First Bank, UBA
• Insurance Companies: AIICO, Custodian Insurance
• Stock Exchange: Nigerian Exchange Group (Lagos)

Transportation:

• Airlines: Air Peace, Arik Air, Dana Air
• Shipping: Nigerian National Shipping Line
• Railways: Nigerian Railway Corporation
• Road Transport: BRT, transport companies

Telecommunications:

• GSM Companies: MTN, Airtel, Glo, 9mobile
• Internet Services: MainOne, IHS Towers
• Broadcasting: NTA, AIT, Channels TV

WEEK 3: INDUSTRIAL LOCATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION

Major Industrial Centers in Nigeria:

1. LAGOS STATE Industries Located:

• Apapa Industrial Estate: Food processing, pharmaceuticals, textiles
• Ikeja Industrial Estate: Manufacturing, assembly plants
• Agbara Industrial Estate: Chemicals, paints, beverages
• Ikorodu Industrial Area: Steel, cement, paper industries

Why Lagos is Major Industrial Center:

• Seaport Access: Easy import of raw materials and export of products
• Large Market: Huge population provides market for products
• Infrastructure: Good roads, electricity, water supply
• Skilled Labor: Many educated and skilled workers
• Financial Services: Banks and financial institutions available

2. KANO STATE Industries Located:

• Textile Mills: Kano Textiles, others
• Tanneries: Leather processing industries
• Food Processing: Flour mills, beverage companies
• Agricultural Processing: Cotton ginning, groundnut processing

Advantages of Kano:

• Raw Materials: Cotton, groundnuts, hides and skins available locally
• Market: Large northern Nigerian market
• Labor: Abundant workforce
• Transportation: Railway and road connections

3. KADUNA STATE Industries Located:

• Oil Refinery: Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company
• Textile Industries: Several textile mills
• Automobile Assembly: Peugeot Automobile Nigeria
• Steel Rolling: Light steel products

Strategic Importance:

• Central Location: Easy access to northern and middle belt markets
• Railway Junction: Important transportation hub
• Government Support: Federal capital of northern region
• Raw Materials: Access to cotton and other agricultural products

4. RIVERS STATE (PORT HARCOURT) Industries Located:

• Oil Refineries: Port Harcourt Refining Company
• Petrochemicals: Indorama Petrochemicals
• Aluminum Smelter: (nearby in Akwa Ibom)
• Oil Servicing: Companies supporting oil industry

Advantages:

• Oil and Gas: Abundant petroleum resources
• Seaport: Port Harcourt port for import/export
• Skilled Workers: Technical expertise in oil industry
• Government Support: Niger Delta development programs

5. OGUN STATE Industries Located:

• Cement: Lafarge Cement, Dangote Cement
• Food Processing: Nestlé, other food companies
• Textiles: Various textile industries
• Paper Mills: Paper manufacturing companies

Advantages:

• Proximity to Lagos: Close to major market and port
• Raw Materials: Limestone for cement, agricultural products
• Labor: Skilled workforce from nearby Lagos
• Infrastructure: Good road and railway connections

Role of Industrialization in Nigeria’s Economic Development:

1. Employment Generation

• Direct Employment: Industries provide millions of jobs
• Indirect Employment: Supporting services create more jobs
• Skill Development: Workers acquire technical and management skills
• Entrepreneurship: Industries create opportunities for small businesses

Examples:

• Dangote Group: Employs over 30,000 people directly
• Banking Sector: Employs hundreds of thousands
• Telecommunications: Created millions of jobs since 2000s

2. Economic Diversification

• Reduced Oil Dependence: Industries provide alternative income sources
• Multiple Sectors: Manufacturing, services, agriculture processing
• Export Earnings: Manufactured goods can be exported
• Economic Stability: Less vulnerable to oil price fluctuations

3. Value Addition

• Raw Material Processing: Convert raw materials to finished products
• Higher Prices: Processed goods worth more than raw materials
• Local Consumption: Reduce imports of finished products
• Export Potential: Value-added products for international markets

Examples:

• Cocoa Processing: Instead of exporting raw cocoa, process into chocolate
• Cotton Processing: Convert cotton to textiles instead of exporting raw cotton
• Oil Refining: Process crude oil into petrol, diesel, other products

4. Technology Transfer

• Modern Equipment: Industries bring advanced technology
• Technical Skills: Workers learn to operate modern machinery
• Innovation: Local adaptation and improvement of technologies
• Knowledge Base: Building technological capacity

5. Infrastructure Development

• Power Generation: Industries need electricity, leading to power development
• Transportation: Roads, railways built to support industries
• Communication: Telecommunications infrastructure development
• Urban Development: Industrial cities grow and develop

6. Foreign Exchange Earnings

• Export Industries: Earn foreign currency through exports
• Import Substitution: Reduce foreign exchange spent on imports
• Foreign Investment: Attract international investors
• Balance of Trade: Improve trade balance

7. Government Revenue

• Corporate Taxes: Industries pay taxes to government
• Employment Taxes: Workers pay income taxes
• Export Duties: Government earns from industrial exports
• Development Funding: Revenue used for national development

Activities

• Create a map showing major industrial centers in Nigeria
• Research and present on one major Nigerian industry
• Visit a local industry or invite an industry representative to class
• Discussion on how industries can create jobs in your community

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The policy of replacing imported goods with local production is called: a) Exportation b) Import substitution c) Industrialization d) Commercialization 
2. Which state is known as a major textile center? a) Lagos b) Rivers c) Kano d) Ogun 
3. The Ajaokuta Steel Complex is located in: a) Kogi State b) Rivers State c) Lagos State d) Kaduna State 
4. Primary industries involve: a) Providing services b) Processing raw materials c) Extracting raw materials d) Selling products 
5. Which is NOT a major industrial center in Nigeria? a) Lagos b) Kano c) Kaduna d) Yobe 

Homework

Choose one industry in your state or region and write a report covering:

1. What the industry produces
2. Where it is located and why
3. How many people it employs
4. What raw materials it uses
5. How it benefits the local community
6. Any challenges it faces