Temperature – Basic 5 Mathematics Lesson Note (Third Term)

Behavioral Objectives:

• Pupils should be able to compare degrees of hotness or coldness in degrees Celsius
• Pupils should be able to convert temperature from degrees Celsius to Fahrenheit

Key Words:

• Temperature
• Degrees Celsius (°C)
• Degrees Fahrenheit (°F)
• Thermometer

Entry Behavior:

• Pupils should know that temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Thermometer
• Videos showing different scenarios (boiling water, tap water, cold water, etc.)
• Worksheets with temperature conversion exercises

Building Background / Connection to Prior Knowledge:

• Review the concept of temperature and explain the use of a thermometer
• Discuss how pupils can feel temperature changes in their everyday lives

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical thinking
• Problem solving
• Mathematical calculations

Learning Materials:

• Thermometers
• Pictures and illustrations
• Worksheets

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Mathematics textbooks (Primary 5 level)
• Teacher’s guide on temperature

Instructional Materials:

• Thermometers
• Pictures of temperature scenarios
• Charts explaining Celsius and Fahrenheit scales

Content:

Understanding temperature and its measurement

• Comparing temperatures in degrees Celsius
• Converting temperatures from degrees Celsius to Fahrenheit using the formula (9/5 × °C) + 32

Comparing Temperatures:

• You can compare different temperatures

For example, compare your body temperature with the temperature in the classroom

• Degrees Celsius (°C) and Fahrenheit (°F):
  1. Temperature is measured in degrees Celsius (°C) or degrees Fahrenheit (°F)
  2. For example, water boils at 100°C or 212°F

Converting Temperature:

• To convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit, use the formula: F = (9/5 × °C) + 32
• For example, to convert 40°C to Fahrenheit:
  1. F = (9/5 × 40) + 32
  2. F = 72 + 32
  3. F = 104°F
• To convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius: C = (F – 32) × 5/9
• For example, to convert 95°F to Celsius:
  1. C = (95 – 32) × 5/9
  2. C = 35°C

Thermometers:

• A thermometer measures temperature
• There are different types of thermometers:
  1. Mercury thermometer measures water and air temperature
  2. Clinical thermometer measures body temperature

Practice:

Try converting the following temperatures:

• Convert 25°C to Fahrenheit: (9/5 × 25) + 32 = 77°F
• Convert 68°F to Celsius: (68 – 32) × 5/9 = 20°C

Examples:

• Convert 20°C to Fahrenheit:
  1. (9/5 × 20) + 32 = 68.4°F
• Convert 113°F to Celsius:
  1. (113 – 32) × 5/9 = 45°C

Class Activity Discussion:

1. What is temperature? 
   1. Temperature tells us how hot or cold something is
2. How do we measure temperature? 
   1. We measure temperature using a thermometer
3. What units do we use to measure temperature? 
   1. We use degrees Celsius (°C) and degrees Fahrenheit (°F)
4. What is a mercury thermometer? 
   1. A mercury thermometer measures the temperature of water, air, and other liquids
5. What is a clinical thermometer? 
   1. A clinical thermometer measures human body temperature
6. What is the formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit? 
   1. F = (9/5 × °C) + 32
7. What is the formula to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius? 
   1. C = (F – 32) × 5/9
8. At what temperature does water boil in degrees Celsius and Fahrenheit? 
   1. Water boils at 100°C or 212°F
9. At what temperature does water freeze in degrees Celsius and Fahrenheit? 
   1. Water freezes at 0°C or 32°F
10. What are the coldest months in the temperature table? 
    1. The coldest months are June and August with 22°C
11. Which month had the highest temperature? 
    1. July had the highest temperature at 38.4°C
12. How much hotter was September than April? 
    1. September was 9.5°C hotter than April
13. What is the average temperature for the six months in the table? 
    1. The average temperature is around 27.4°C
14. Convert 15°C to Fahrenheit: 
    1. (9/5 × 15) + 32 = 59°F
15. Convert 95°F to Celsius: 
    1. (95 – 32) × 5/9 = 35°C