Addition And Subtraction Of Numbers Basic 5 Mathematics Lesson Note

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Add and subtract whole numbers counting from of more down
2. Check and verify answers using the inverse operation
3. Apply addition and subtraction to real life situations
4. Solve quantitative aptitude problems involving addition and subtraction of whole numbers and decimal numbers

Keywords:

• Addition
• Subtraction
• Whole numbers
• Decimals
• Check
• Quantitative reasoning

Set Induction:

The teacher will start the lesson by asking pupils how they add and subtract money when they go to the market and buy items. How they know the correct amount for the transaction.

Entry Behaviour:

Pupils are familiar with basic addition and subtraction operations with smaller numbers.

Learning Resources and Materials:

1. Number charts
2. Flashcards with large numbers
3. Real-life problem worksheets
4. Abacus for demonstration

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

The teacher will ask pupils if they have ever had to add or subtract large numbers, such as when calculating the total cost of items. The teacher will explain that these basic mathematical operations focus on adding and subtracting even larger numbers.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Numerical reasoning
• Critical thinking
• Problem solving

Learning Materials:

1. Number charts
2. Flashcards with large numbers
3. Worksheets
4. Calculators

Reference Books:

Lagos State Scheme of Work, Primary 5 Mathematics Textbook

Instructional Materials:

1. Number charts
2. Flashcards with large numbers
3. Worksheets
4. Abacus

Content:

1. Addition of Whole Numbers in Thousands and Millions

• Explanation of how to add large numbers
• Step-by-step process for adding numbers in thousands and millions
• Carrying over in addition when digits sum to more than 9

2. Subtraction of Whole Numbers in Thousands and Millions

• Step-by-step subtraction of whole numbers in thousands and millions
• Borrowing in subtraction when subtraction in thousands and millions
• How to check answers using inverse operations such as calculating/checking addition and making changes

3. Quantitative Reasoning Involving Addition and Subtraction

• Word problems involving addition and subtraction of thousands and millions

Explanation:

Addition of Whole Numbers in Thousands and Millions:

• Add from right to left, starting with the units according to their place values (ones, tens, hundreds, thousands, millions)
• Remember, when the sum is 10 or more, carry over the tens digit and write the sum at the units position.

Example 1: Example 1: Add 4,567 + 2,345 = 6,912

Example 2: 125,458

• 867,542 = 993,000

Example 3: 2,345,678

• 1,234,567 = 3,580,245

Example 4: 7,894,567 + 1,246,432 = 9,140,999

Example 5: 123,456 + 876,543 = 999,999

Subtraction of Whole Numbers in Thousands and Millions:

• Start subtracting from the right (ones) place to the left, borrowing if the top digit is smaller than the bottom digit.

Example 1: 875,432 – 234,567 = 640,865

Example 2: 543,210

• 234,567 = 308,643

Example 3: 7,654,321 – 2,345,678 = 5,308,643

Example 4: 9,876,543 – 1,234,567 = 8,641,976

Example 5: 1,000,000 – 345,678 = 654,322

Checking Answers:

• Check addition by subtraction: if a + b = c, then c – b should equal a
• Check subtraction by addition: if a – b = c, then c + b should equal a

Real Life Problems in Addition and Subtraction in Thousands and Millions:

Example 1: A farmer harvested 123,456 bags of rice in the first quarter and 987,654 bags in the second quarter. How many bags did he harvest altogether?

• Answer: 123,456 + 987,654 = 1,111,110 bags

Example 2: A company made a profit of 2,345,678 in the first quarter but lost 345,678 in the second quarter. What is their net profit?

• Answer: 2,345,678 – 345,678 = 2,000,000

Example 3: A bank received deposits totaling 4 million but customers withdrew 567,890. How much money is left in the bank?

• Answer: 4,000,000 – 567,890 = 3,432,110

Quantitative Reasoning Involving Addition and Subtraction:

• Word problems involving addition and subtraction requiring both addition and subtraction to solve

Example 1: A school has 2,345 students. 567 new pupils joined and 234 pupils left. How many pupils are now in the school?

• Answer: 2,345 + 567 – 234 = 2,678

Example 2: A cinema compound sold 6,789 tickets. They sold 1,234 adult and teen-aged tickets. How many children tickets were sold?

• Answer: 6,789 – 1,234 = 5,555

Example 3: A bank received fresh 1,000,000 note. After withdrawing 345,678 naira and depositing 123,456 naira, how much is left?

• Answer: 1,000,000 – 345,678 + 123,456 = 777,778

Class Work:

1. Add 345,678 + 234,567 and write the result.
2. Subtract 876,543 – 234,567.
3. A farmer harvested 234,567 bags of maize in one month, while 45,678 bags were spoilt. How many good bags of maize were left?
4. Add 2,345,678 + 1,234,567 and write the result.
5. Subtract 5,000,000 – 1,234,567 and find the difference.
6. A company made a profit of 3,456,789 in January but lost 234,567 in February. What is their net profit for the two months?