BECE Oriented Theory – JSS3 Computer Hardware & GSM Repair Lesson Note (Third Term)

Computer hardware is the physical part of a computer that we can see and touch. This note answers the ten BECE theory questions on hardware, GSM, memory and maintenance that appear most often.

Behavioural objectives

1. Define computer hardware and give examples.
2. Distinguish between input and output devices.
3. State the three components of the CPU and the full meaning of GSM, SIM and PIN.
4. Differentiate between RAM and ROM and list secondary storage devices.
5. State ways of maintaining a computer and name tools used by a GSM technician.

What is computer hardware?

Computer hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer that we can see, touch and feel.

• Keyboard: the set of keys used to type.
• Mouse: a pointing device moved by hand.
• Monitor: the screen that shows results.
• System unit: the box that holds the main parts, such as the CPU and the hard disk.

What is the difference between input and output devices?

An input device sends data into the computer. An output device brings out results from the computer.

Input devices

• Keyboard: sends typed letters and numbers.
• Microphone: sends sound.
• Scanner: sends a copy of a paper document or picture.

Output devices

• Monitor: displays text and pictures on a screen.
• Printer: prints results on paper.
• Speakers: give out sound.

What are the components of the CPU?

The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the part of the computer that processes data, and it is called the “brain” of the computer.

The CPU has three main components:

1. ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): does arithmetic (math) and logic operations.
2. CU (Control Unit): directs the flow of data and instructions.
3. MU (Memory Unit): holds data temporarily while it is being processed.

What do GSM, SIM and PIN stand for?

These three terms are common in BECE questions on mobile phones.

• GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications.
• SIM: Subscriber Identity Module.
• PIN: Personal Identification Number.

What are the components of a GSM phone?

A GSM phone is made up of hardware, software and a SIM card.

1. Hardware: the screen, keypad, battery and casing.
2. Software: the operating system, such as Android or iOS.
3. SIM card: identifies you on the network.

What are the functions of a SIM card?

A SIM card is a small card that identifies a subscriber to a mobile network.

1. It stores your phone number and contacts.
2. It identifies you to your network provider, such as MTN or Airtel.
3. It allows you to make and receive calls.

What is the difference between RAM and ROM?

RAM (Random Access Memory) holds the work the computer is using at the moment. ROM (Read-Only Memory) holds permanent instructions the computer needs to start.

What are examples of secondary storage devices?

Secondary storage devices keep files for a long time, even when the computer is switched off.

1. Hard Disk Drive (HDD): the main storage inside the system unit.
2. USB flash drive: a small portable drive plugged into a USB port.
3. Optical disks (CD/DVD): discs read with a laser.
4. Memory card (SD card): a small card used in phones and cameras.

How do we maintain a computer system?

Computer maintenance is the regular care given to a computer so that it works well and lasts long.

1. Keep it clean: keep the computer room clean and dust-free.
2. Use a UPS: an Uninterruptible Power Supply protects the computer against power surges.
3. Shut down properly: do not just pull the plug.
4. Install antivirus: it protects against viruses, the software “sickness”.

What tools does a GSM technician use?

A GSM technician is a person who repairs mobile phones using special tools.

1. Soldering iron: joins components together.
2. Multimeter: tests electricity and helps find faults.
3. Precision screwdriver: opens tiny screws.

What is the difference between a hub and a switch?

A hub and a switch are devices that connect computers in a network.

• Hub: sends incoming data to all the computers connected to it.
• Switch: sends data only to the computer it is meant for.

What tips help in answering BECE theory questions?

• Read the question twice: check whether it asks for input or output.
• Use bullet points: clear points are easier for examiners to mark.
• Draw if you can: a small neat diagram of the CPU can earn extra marks.
• Count your points: if the question asks for two, give two clear answers.

Evaluation

1. What is the full meaning of ALU?
2. Which part of the computer is known as the “brain”?
3. Give one difference between a hub and a switch.
4. Why is the SIM card important in a mobile phone?
5. State two differences between RAM and ROM.

Assignment

Write short answers to these three questions: (a) Define computer hardware and give two examples. (b) List three secondary storage devices. (c) State three ways of maintaining a computer.