Building Material And Types Of Building Materials JSS2 Basic Technology Lesson Note

TYPES OF BUILDINGS & BUILDING MATERIALS

CONTENT

Content

•             Types of Building
•             Common building materials
•             Doors
•             Windows

Types of building

•             Bungalow: It is a dwelling built in a style developed from that of a form of rural house in India. The original bungalow typically has one story, few rooms, and a maximum of cross drafts, with high ceilings, unusually large window and door openings, and verandas on all sides to shade the rooms from the intense light and tropical heat. A house that is built on one level.
•       One-storey building: A house that has a ground floor and the first floor only.
•         Multi-storey building: A house that has many levels.
•         Skyscrapers: A very tall building.
•         Detached building: A house that is joined with another building on one side.
•       Semi-detached building: A house that is joined with another building on one side.
•         Duplex: A house that is made up of two apartments.
•         Mansion: A very large house.
•       Terraced houses: These are blocks of building that are constructed together side by side.

Evaluation

•         State ten(10) types of buildings and explain.
•     What type of building is the ‘Diligence campus of Good Shepherd School’.

COMMON BUILDING MATERIALS

Building materials could be natural or man-made and can be classified into:

1.         Primary/non-convectional materials: These are materials used for constructing buildings in their natural state without any processing. They are also known as traditional materials e.g. mud, stone, grass, straw, timber, etc.

•             Secondary/convectional materials: These are materials that have undergone processing and have changed in structure e.g.cement, steel, bricks, precast concrete, glass, etc.

Materials used in building construction

Evaluation

1.         List five primary and secondary building materials.
2.         Mention five materials used in constructing windows.

DOORS

A movable barrier is installed at the entry of a room or building to restrict access or provide visual privacy. Early doors were hides or textiles. With monumental architecture came pivoting doors of rigid, permanent materials; important chambers often had stone or bronze doors. Pompeiian doors looked much like modern wooden doors; they were constructed of stiles (vertical planks) and rails (horizontal planks) fastened together to support panels and occasionally equipped with locks and hinges. The typical Western medieval door was of vertical planks backed with horizontal or diagonal bracing. In the 20th century, a single, hollow-core panel door became most common. Other types include the revolving door, folding door, sliding door (inspired by the Japanese), rolling door, and Dutch door (divided horizontally so that the lower or upper part can be opened separately).

Functions of doors

1.         They serve means of shutting and opening the entrance or exit.
2.         They serve as barriers against dangers and attacks
3.         They serve as protection of lives and properties.
4.         They serve as a means of ventilation.

Types of doors

Interior doors

1.         Panel doors
2.         Flush doors
3.         French doors
4.         Louver doors

Exterior doors: They are used for decorative purposes only. They are carefully chosen to suit the architectural design of the building.

Sliding doors: They are space-saving doors, which are for closets in bedrooms.

Folding Doors: These are doors, which are easily installed as they as they take little

Revolving Doors: They are usually traffic control doors within a building

Evaluation

1.         State four(4) functions of doors
2.         State five(5) types of doors

WINDOWS

Windows, today, are more of architectural features rather than mere necessary openings in a wall.

Function of windows

1.         It is used for admitting light and air.
2.         It serves as a barrier to dangers and attacks.
3.         It is used to allow ventilation.

We have the following architectural designed windows:

1.         Bull’s eye windows
2.         Semi-circular headed windows.
3.         Cant bay windows
4.         Dormer windows

Evaluation

1.         State four(4) functions of windows
2.         State five(5) types of windows

Reading Assignment

Read BUILDING CONSTRUCTION I

Reference Materials

1.         NERDC, Introductory Technology for JSS, book 3, pages 218 -228
2.         EVANS, Introductory Technology for JSS, book 3, pages 130 -138