Spread Of Diseases Basic 4 Physical & Health Education Lesson Note

Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson, pupils will be able to:

• List ways diseases are spread
• Give examples of diseases spread by different agents
• Explain how to prevent disease spread

Ways Diseases are Spread

1. Through Air

How it happens:

• When sick people cough or sneeze
• Germs float in the air
• We breathe in the germs
• The germs make us sick

Example Disease: Tuberculosis (TB)

• Affects the lungs
• Spreads when TB patients cough
• Causes bad cough and chest pain

2. Through Food

How it happens:

• Eating dirty or spoiled food
• Drinking dirty water
• Eating food prepared by dirty hands
• Germs get into our stomach

Example Disease: Diarrhoea

• Causes loose, watery stool
• Makes stomach hurt
• Can make us very weak

3. Through Insects

How it happens:

• Insects bite sick people or animals
• The insects carry germs
• They bite healthy people
• The germs enter our body

Example Disease: Malaria

• Spread by mosquito bites
• Causes fever and shivering
• Makes us feel very weak

4. Through Body Contact

How it happens:

• Touching infected people
• Sharing clothes or personal items
• Skin touching infected skin
• Germs move from one person to another

Example Disease: Scabies

• Causes itchy skin
• Spreads by touching infected person
• Makes small bumps on skin

How to Prevent Disease Spread

For Air-spread Diseases

• Cover mouth when coughing or sneezing
• Stay away from sick people
• Keep rooms well ventilated

For Food-spread Diseases

• Wash hands before eating
• Eat fresh, clean food
• Drink clean, safe water
• Keep food covered

For Insect-spread Diseases

• Sleep under mosquito nets
• Remove stagnant water around house
• Use insect repellent

For Contact-spread Diseases

• Don’t share personal items
• Wash hands regularly
• Keep body and clothes clean
• Avoid touching infected people

Simple Activity

Practice covering your mouth properly when coughing or sneezing.

Evaluation

1. Name four ways diseases can spread
2. Which disease is spread through air?
3. How is malaria spread?
4. Give one way to prevent food-spread diseases