Everyday Statistics Basic 4 Mathematics Lesson Note

LEARNING AREA

1. Introduction
2. Data Collection and Presentation
3. Range and Measures of Central Tendency
4. Probability
5. Lesson Evaluation and Weekly Assessment (Test)

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, most pupils should have attained the following objectives –

1. interpret pictograms and bar graphs.
2. use pictograms and bar graphs in representing population of people or data.
3. read tally marks and frequency tables.
4. interpret and draw pie charts.
5. calculate range and measures of central tendency.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

The pupils can count and compare the number of boys and girls in the class.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. class population.
2. chart showing frequency tables, pictogram, pie chart and bar chart.
3. Graph sheet of papers

METHOD OF TEACHING

Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons.

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Scheme of Work
2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum
3. Course Book
4. All Relevant Material
5. Online Information

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

LESSON 1 – INTRODUCTION

ACTIVITY 1 – DATA COLLECTION AND PRESENTATION (5 minutes)

Teacher organizes pupils in groups or pairs depending on the size of the class and leads them to,

• count and record the number of boys and girls in the school.
• present the data collected in a simple table and chart.

MEANING OF DATA COLLECTION

Data collection is the gathering of facts and figures needed for the research purposes.

MEANING DATA PRESENTATION

Data presentation is the process of using different graphical formats to represent the relationship between two or more data to important decisions.

ACTIVITY 2 – TALLY AND FREQUENCY TABLE (5 minutes)

Note – / = 1, IIII = 5

ACTIVITY 4 – PICTOGRAM AND BAR CHART (5 minutes)

A pictogram is a chart or graph that represents data with pictures.

For example,

COLOURS

RED ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️

GREEN 💚💚💚💚💚

YELLOW 💛💛💛💛💛💛💛💛💛

BLUE 💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙

KEY – ❤️ = 1 💚 = 2 💛 = 1 💙 = 1

1. How many red colours?
2. How many yellow colours?
3. How many blue colours?
4. How many green colours?
5. What the sum of all the colours?

WORKING

Given: ❤️ = 1 💚 = 2 💛 = 1 💙 = 1

1. Red colour is 7.
2. Yellow colour is 9.
3. Blue colour is 8.
4. Green colour is 10.
5. Total colour is 7 + 9 + 8 + 10 = 34

ACTIVITY 5 – BAR CHART

A bar chart is a graph that represents data using rectangular bars.

For example,

FAVOURITE COLOURS

1. How many red colours?
2. How many yellow colours?
3. How many blue colours?
4. How many green colours?
5. How many pink colours?
6. What is the sum of all the colours?

WORKING

1. Red colour is 8.
2. Yellow colour is 7.
3. Blue colour is 5.
4. Green colour is 9.
5. Pink colour is 6.
6. 8 + 7 + 5 + 9 + 6 = 35

WORKING EXERCISE

1. Number of Children Absent in School

Monday 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡

Tuesday 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡

Wednesday 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡

Thursday 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡

Friday 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡

KEY – 🟡 = 2 children

• Which day has the least of children that were absent?
• Which day has the least of children that were absent?
• What is the title of the graph?
• How many children were absent on Thursday?
• Which day has the least of children that were absent?
• Which day has the most of children that were absent?
• What total number of children absent for the week?

1. Mode of Transportation
2. 
   • What type of chart is this?
   • What is the least mode of transportation?
   • What is the most mode of transportation?
   • What is the total mode of transportation?
   • What is the difference between most and least mode of transportation?

ACTIVITY 2 – INTERPRETATION OF PIE CHART

LESSON 3 – RANGE AND MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

ACTIVITY 1 – RANGE

Range is the difference between the largest and smallest data in a given set.

For example,

The number of children in all classes are as:

Primary 1 – 26 Primary 2 – 18 Primary 3 – 31 Primary 4 – 30 Primary 5 – 26 Primary 6 – 21

The range is the highest class – the lowest class.

That’s,

Range = 31 – 18 = 13 children

WORKING EXAMPLE 2

Use the above chart to find the range of the mode of transportation.

The most mode of transportation is 35, while the least mode of transportation is 3.

Range is the different between 35 and 3.

That’s,

Range, 35 – 3 = 32

WORKING EXAMPLE 3

The ages of 10 children in a class are as follows:

11 years, 14 years, 8 years, 12 years, 14 years, 20 years, 15 years, 9 years, 16 years and 10 years.

The highest is 20 years.

The lowest is 8 years.

Range,

= 20 years – 8 years

= 12 years

ACTIVITY 3 – MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

There are three (3) main measures of central tendency.

1. Mode
2. Median
3. Mean

Measures of central tendency are used to describe or summarize a set of data within a given set.

ACTIVITY 4 – MODE

The mode is the most common number within a given set of data.

Of the number that appears most.

For example,

Find the mode of 4 6 8 3 7 7 1 9 4 5 6 4 3 7 8 9 10

4 = 3 times 6 = 2 times 7 = 3 times 8 = 2 times 9 = 2 times

Since 4 appears 3 times

Therefore, the mode is 4.

ACTIVITY 5 – MEDIAN

Median is the middle value in a set arranged from smallest to largest.

Median can be odd value or even value.

1. FINDING MEDIAN WITH AN ODD VALUE

Find the median of the following set:

3 4 9 7 7 5 3 8 1 5 6 4 9 8 7

Step 1 – Write the numbers in order either ascending or descending

1 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 7 7 8 8 9 9

Step 2 – Find the middle number

The median of data set is 7.

2. FINDING MEDIAN WITH AN EVEN VALUE

Find the median of the following set:

4 3 7 10 12 9 8 3 2 5 1 5 6 6 11 3

Step 1 – Write the numbers in order either ascending or descending

1 2 3 3 3 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Step 2 – Find the middle number

The middle numbers are 8 and 6.

Step 3 – Add the two medians and divide by 2 so the middle numbers are even numbers.

That’s,

5 + 6 

───── 

2

= 11/2

= 5.5

The median of data set is 7.

WORKING EXERCISE (ASSIGNMENT)

Find the range, mode and median of the following

1. 5, 7, 11, 2, 3, 4, 9, 1, 6, 8, 5

LESSON 4 – MEAN

ACTIVITY 1 – INTRODUCTION

Mean is the average or mean common value used of the smallest measure of tendency.

Mean is an average.

An average is the sum of the data divided by the number of data count in a set.

Mean is the average of the given numbers which is calculated by dividing the sum of given numbers by the total number of numbers.

For example,

Find the mean of the following

2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12

Step 1 – Add the set number together

2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 = 42

Step 2 – Divide by the number of data

42/6 = 7

The mean is 7.

WORKING EXAMPLE 2

The marks of 10 pupils in a class are 85, 25, 45, 65, 85, 87, 55, 85, 94, 74, 75, 95, 55, 86, 55, 89, 67, 75, and 95.

Find the range, mode, median, and mean of the scores.

SOLUTION

1. Range = Highest score – lowest score

= 95 – 25

= 70

1. Mode

85, 25, 45, 65, 85, 87, 55, 85, 94, 74, 75, 95, 55, 86, 55, 89, 67, 75, 95

55 appeared 3 times

Therefore, the mode of the mark is 55.

1. Median

25, 45, 55, 55, 55, 65, 67, 74, 75, 75, 85, 85, 85, 86, 87, 89, 94, 95, 95

Therefore,

85 + 85 = 170

170/2 = 85

The median mark is 85.5

1. Mean

25 + 45 + 55 + 55 + 55 + 65 + 67 + 74 + 75 + 75 + 85 + 85 + 85 + 86 + 87 + 89 + 94 + 95 + 95

= 1442

= 1442/19

= 75.9

The mean of the mark is 75.9

LESSON 5 – REVISION AND WEEKLY ASSESSMENT

Find the performance difference between the lesson objectives.

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

1. To introduce the lesson, the teacher revises the previous lesson. Based on this, he/she asks the pupils some questions;
2. Teacher organizes the pupils in groups or pair depending on the size of the class.
3. Teacher leads the groups or pairs of collect the number of boys and girls in all the classes.

Pupil’s Activities – As groups or pairs, take record of boys and girls in all the classes.

1. Teacher guides pupils to represent the data collected on a simple tally table and chart.

Pupil’s Activities – Represent data on a simple tally table and chart.

1. Teacher appreciates the individual’s and groups or pairs active participation and uses the their activities to introduce the lesson.

Pupil’s Activities – Pay attention to the lesson introduction to understand the concept of the lesson.

1. Teacher displays pictogram and bar chart for the pupils to examine as groups or pairs.
2. Teacher leads pupils to analyze and interpret the data on the pictogram and bar chart.
3. Teacher guides pupils to correctly represent data on pictogram and chart chart.

Pupil’s Activities – Analyze, interpret and represent data on pictogram and chart chart.

1. Teacher guides to interpret and draw a pie chart.
2. Teacher leads pupils to solve questions on pie chart.

Pupil’s Activities – Solve questions on pie chart.

1. Teacher leads a discussion on measures of central tendency.
2. Teacher guides pupils to find range, mode, median and calculate mean of a given data.

Pupil’s Activities – Describe the range and measures of central tendency and solve related questions.

1. Teacher summarizes the lesson on the board with appropriate evaluation.

Pupil’s Activities – Participate actively in the summary of the lesson and write as instructed.

CONCLUSION

To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.

NEXT LESSON

LESSON EVALUATION

As stated the lessons.