Factors Of Numbers And HCF of 2 – Digit Numbers Basic 4 Mathematics Lesson Note

LEARNING AREA

1. Factors of Number
2. HCF of 2 – digit Numbers

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, the pupils should have attained the following objectives (cognitive, affective and psychomotor) and should be able to find the HCF of 2-digit numbers.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of:

1. Flannel Board
2. Flash card
3. Number cards

METHOD OF TEACHING – Choose a suitable and appropriate methods for the lessons.

Note – Irrespective of choosing methods of teaching, always introduce an activities that will arouse pupil’s interest or lead them to the lessons.

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Scheme of Work
2. 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum
3. Course Book
4. All Relevant Material
5. Online Information

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

LESSON ONE – INTRODUCTION TO FACTORS OF NUMBER

Pupil’s Activities 1 – Express Number as A Product of Two Numbers

Sample – Quantitative Reasoning

1 = 1 x 1

2 = 1 x 2, 2 x 1

3 = 1 x 3, 3 x 1

4 = 1 x 4, 4 x 1, 2 x 2

6 = 1 x 6, 6 x 1, 2 x 3, 3 x 2

Express the number – 5, 7, 8, 9 and 10 as product of two numbers.

Expected response

1. 5 = 1 x 5, 5 x 1
2. 7 = 1 x 7, 7 x 1
3. 8 = 1 x 8, 8 x 1, 4 x 2, 2 x 4
4. 9 = 1 x 9, 9 x 1, 3 x 3
5. 10 = 1 x 10, 10 x 1, 2 x 5, 5 x 2

Teacher’s remark – Each digit of the product of a number is a factor that number. For example, 1 and 6 are factors of 6 without repeating our number. Also, 1, 2, 3 and 6 are the products of 1, 2, 3 and 6 respectively.

Pupil’s Activities 2 – Extension Data Views

Find the factors of:

1. 11
2. 12
3. 13
4. 14
5. 15

LESSON TWO – COMMON FACTORS OF NUMBERS

Teacher’s/Pupil’s activities 1 – identification common factors pupils in pairs to use the table in they find the product of numbers.

Find the factors of:

1. 12 = 1 x 12, 12 x 1, 2 x 6, 6 x 2, 3 x 4, 4 x 3

Factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12

1. 15 = 1 x 15, 15 x 1, 3 x 5, 5 x 3

Factors of 15 are 1, 3, 5 and 15

1. 18 = 1 x 18, 18 x 1, 2 x 9, 9 x 2, 3 x 6, 6 x 3

Factors of 18 are 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 18

1. 16 = 1 x 16, 16 x 1, 2 x 8, 8 x 2, 4 x 4

Factors of 16 = 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16

Pupil’s Activities 2 – Identification of Common Factors of e or three Numbers

Find the common factors between:

1. 12 and 18

12 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 18 = 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18

Factors of 12 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12

Factors of 18 = 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 18

Common Factors are 1 and 2

1. 8 and 16

8 = 1, 2, 4, 8 16 = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16

Factors of 8 are 1, 2, 4 and 8

Factors of 16 are 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16

Common factors are 1 and 8

Teacher’s remark 2 – Common Extension Activity

Work out the highest numbers in 1, 2, 3 and 6.

Answer is 6.

Teacher’s remark – The HCF of numbers is the highest common factor.

Find the HCF of:

HCF of 12

Factors of 12 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12

Factors of 6 = 1, 2, 3 and 6

Common Factors are 1 and 2

HCF is 6.

1. 10 and 15

Factors of 10 are 1, 2, 5 and 10

Factors of 15 are 1, 3, 5 and 15

Common factors are 1 and 5

HCF is 5.

Pupil’s Activities 3 – Extension Data Views

Find the HCF of:

1. 20 and 16
2. 12 and 20
3. 15 and 25
4. 16 and 20

LESSON THREE – HCF BY CALCULATION

Teacher’s/Pupil’s activities 1 – HCF by Calculation

Find the HCF of 12

HCF of 12 and 18

Solution:

12 = 2 x 2 x 3 = 4

15 = 3 x 6 ÷ 6

Method:

HCF = 2 x 3 = 6

Pupil’s Activities 2 – HCF using Factors Methods to Continue Activities 1

HCF of 14 and 28

Solution:

14 = 2 x 7

28 = 4 x 7

HCF = 7

24 = 1

HCF = 1

Factors of 14 are 1, 2, 7 and 14

Factors of 28

1, 28

2, 14

4, 7

7, 4

14, 2

28, 1

Factors of 28 are 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 28

Common Factors: 2 and 28 are 1, 2, 7 and 14

HCF of 14 and 28 is 14

Find the above procedure to continue HCF of 16 and 24

Pupil’s Activities 3 – Extension Data Views

Find the HCF using calculation.

1. 20 and 30
2. 15 and 45
3. 12 and 18
4. 5 and 40

PRESENTATION

To deliver the lesson, the teacher adopts the following steps:

1. To introduce the lesson, the teacher revises the previous lesson. Based on this, he/she asks the pupils some questions.
2. Guides pupils to find factors and helps pupils to identify HCF numbers.

Pupil’s Activities – Use factors board and helps pupils to identify common factors of given numbers.

1. Guides pupils to use calculation to find HCF.

Pupil’s Activities – Find the HCF of two digit numbers.

CONCLUSION

• To conclude the lesson for the week, the teacher revises the entire lesson and links it to the following week’s lesson.
• Next lesson – Simple Fractions of Work and Plan Lesson Notes for MATHEMATICS Primary 4.

LESSON EVALUATION

Pupils to write down the factors of given numbers and hence determine the HCF.