Multiplication And Division Of Whole Numbers Basic 5 Mathematics Lesson Note

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Multiply and divide three-digit numbers by one-digit numbers
2. Use multi-digit division, including long division and division with remainders
3. Apply multiplication and division to solve real-life problems
4. Solve quantitative aptitude problems involving multiplication and division of whole numbers

Keywords:

1. Multiplication
2. Division
3. Product
4. Quotient
5. Remainder
6. Quantitative reasoning

Set Induction:

The teacher will begin by asking pupils about their experiences with multiplication and division in everyday life, such as sharing items equally among friends or calculating the total cost of multiple items.

Entry Behaviour:

Pupils are familiar with basic multiplication and division facts and can perform simple operations.

Learning Resources and Materials:

1. Multiplication and division charts
2. Flashcards
3. Worksheets for practice
4. Real-life problem scenarios

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

The teacher will review basic multiplication and division facts, building understanding through repeated addition and subtraction, connecting to real-life applications.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Analytical reasoning
• Problem solving
• Critical thinking

Learning Materials:

1. Multiplication charts
2. Division charts
3. Worksheets
4. Calculators

Reference Books:

Lagos State Scheme of Work, Primary 5 Mathematics Textbook

Instructional Materials:

1. Charts
2. Worksheets
3. Flashcards
4. Abacus

Content:

1. Multiplication and Division of Three-Digit Numbers by Three-Digit Numbers

• Explanation of long multiplication
• Step-by-step process
• Carrying in multiplication
• Long division process including remainders
• Estimation and rounding of division
• Checking answers using inverse operations
• Real-life problems involving multiplication and division

2. Method of Rounding (e.g., 36 ÷ 49 = 46 ÷ 50), 400 ÷ 500, etc.

• Rounding rules and practical applications
• Using rounded numbers for quick estimation before performing exact calculations

Explanation:

Multiplication and Division of Three-Digit Numbers by Three-Digit Numbers:

Multiplication process and examples of division:

• When multiplying, multiply each digit of the second number by each digit of the first number, starting from the units place.
• Place the products in the correct columns.

Example 1: Multiply 123 × 456

    123

   × 456

   —–

     738  (123 × 6)

    6150  (123 × 50, shifted one position left)

   49200  (123 × 400, shifted two positions left)

   —–

   56088

Example 2: 234 × 567 = 132,678

Example 3: 789 × 456 = 359,784

Example 4: = 321 234 (234 × 1) 7020 (234 × 3), shifted one position left) 70200 (234 × 300, shifted two positions left) = 77541

Example 5: = 678 2760 (345 × 8) 13800 (345 × 40, shifted one position left) 207000 (345 × 600, shifted two positions left) = 223560

Division:

Division process and examples of division:

• Divide using long division when numbers are too large for mental calculation.

Example 1: Divide 456 ÷ 12 Answer: 38

Example 2: Divide 789 ÷ 23 Answer: 34 remainder 7

Example 3: Divide 1000 ÷ 25 Answer: 40

Example 4: Divide 2345 ÷ 67 Answer: 35

Example 5: Divide 5678 ÷ 89 Answer: 63 remainder 71

Multiplication of Numbers by Zero and One:

• Any number multiplied by zero equals zero (anything × 0 = 0)
• Multiplying by one doesn’t change the number (anything × 1 = that number)
• Division by one doesn’t change the number (anything ÷ 1 = that number)

Example 1: 789 × 0 = 0

Example 2: 456 × 1 = 456

Example 3: 123 ÷ 1 = 123

Example 4: 0 ÷ 567 = 0

Example 5: 999 × 1 = 999

Real Life Problems on Multiplication and Division:

Problem 1: A bakery produces 234 loaves of bread per day. How many loaves does it produce in one week? Answer: 234 × 7 = 1,638 loaves

Problem 2: A farmer has 1,456 oranges. He wants to pack them equally in 8 boxes. How many oranges will each box contain? Answer: 1,456 ÷ 8 = 182 oranges per box

Problem 3: A school bus can carry 45 students. How many students can 12 buses carry? Answer: 45 × 12 = 540 students

Division of Numbers by Multiples of 10, 20 — 90, 100 — 900, 1000, 2000, etc.:

Explanation and Method:

• Simplify division by canceling zeros in both the dividend and divisor before dividing.

Example 1: 4800 ÷ 600 = 48 ÷ 6 = 8

Example 2: 7200 ÷ 900 = 72 ÷ 9 = 8

Example 3: 15000 ÷ 3000 = 15 ÷ 3 = 5

Example 4: 28000 ÷ 7000 = 28 ÷ 7 = 4

Example 5: 36000 ÷ 4000 = 36 ÷ 4 = 9

Quantitative Reasoning Involving Multiplication and Division:

Problem 1: A factory produces 456 toys per day. How many toys does it produce in 15 days? Answer: 456 × 15 = 6,840 toys

Problem 2: 2,880 books need to be distributed equally among 24 classes. How many books will each class receive? Answer: 2,880 ÷ 24 = 120 books

Problem 3: A cinema ticket costs ₦350. How much will 23 tickets cost? Answer: ₦350 × 23 = ₦8,050

Problem 4: 4,560 students are to be arranged equally in rows of 15. How many rows will be formed? Answer: 4,560 ÷ 15 = 304 rows

Class Work:

1. Multiply 234 × 567
2. Divide 1,456 ÷ 28
3. Multiply 123 × 456
4. Divide 2,880 ÷ 24
5. A shop sells 156 items per day. How many items does it sell in 30 days?
6. 4,800 ÷ 600 =
7. Multiply 789 × 0
8. Divide 999 ÷ 1