Consonant /s/ And /z/ JSS2 English Studies Lesson Note

Consonant /S/ AND /Z/

For articulation of /s/, the tip and blade of the tongue make light contact with the alveolar fridge while the airstream passes through the groove created by partial obstruction. There is no vibration of the vocal cord as /s/ is produced. It is, therefore, a voiceless, plosive, alveolar. The common spelling symbols are:

“S” as in Seat

“SC” as in Science

“C” as in Cease 

“X” as in Axe

/s/ at the initial and final position

Initial Position    Final Position 

Six                         Seize

Sign                        Gas

Soup                     Picks

Sat                        Piece

Sack                     Ice 

/z/: This consonant has the same place and manner of articulation with /s/. The only difference between /z/and /s/ is that the vocal cords vibrate as the articulation of /z/ takes place while there is no vibration of the vocal cords during the production of /s/. That is why /z/ is a voiced alveolar plosive which has the following symbols.

Z as in Zip

S as in has

X as in exact 

/z/ at the initial and final position

Initial Position   Final Position

Zip                                 Bees

Zoom                         Whose

Zombie                      Those

Zero                           Ways

Zonal                         Pigs

Zest                         Nose

Zoon                       Fees

Zinc                         Fez 

Assignment 

Write three words for /s/ and two for /z/, showing the two sounds at the initial and final position. 

LESSON TWO

GRAMMAR: INTRODUCTION TO PUNCTUATION MARKS

Punctuation marks are a sign mark used in writing to divide sentences and phrases.

1a. THE COMMA (,): It is used after ‘No’ and ‘Yes’. Example 

No, they never go to church

Yes, we have done the assignment

1. It is used in lists

Ade pays for tennis, volleyball, and football

1. It is used after linking words. An example: Augustus, therefore, became an unlucky man.
2. THE FULL STOP (.): This is used in abbreviation. Example: U.S.A, U.K, M.A, B.An etc.

(ii) It is used at the end of a sentence. An example: Abu came to Lagos yesterday

3. THE QUESTION MARK (?): It is used after direct speech. examples

(i) What is your father’s name?

(ii) Where are the thieves?

4. THE COLON (:) –  It is used for introducing quotations, lists, etc. Examples: Baba said: “People who are well, do not need a doctor but only those who are sick.
5. THE SEMICOLON (;) – It is used between two closely joined principal clauses. Examples 

(i) The sun was setting; the shadows were long

(ii) The book is not mine; it is my uncle’s.

Assignment

Reference to Oxford English Book 2. Page 25. Replace the asterisks in the following sentences with capital letters, full–stop, question marks, and commas. (a – e)

LESSON THREE

TITLE: Reading and Comprehension – Reading to summarize a selected passage

Reference: New Oxford Secondary English course for junior secondary schools. Book 2. Page 115 – 117 

Reading for summary 

Exercise 

In three sentences, state the three (3) uses of the dog to man as discussed in the passage.

LESSON FOUR

COMPOSITION: Narrative Essay

TITLE: MY LAST BIRTHDAY

Birthday is the day in each year which is the same date as the one in which you were born. My last birthday was on 23rd June 2015. It was a memorable day I will not forget.

My parents in their strength celebrated it in a very big way. My friends, family, and relatives were invited. In preparation, foods and assorted drinks with cake were made available. 

At exactly 2:00 pm, the ceremony commenced, I looked so pretty in my beautiful attire. A friend came around to congratulate me. The MC and DJ work hand in hand as the MC introduces different activities in the party e.g. going around the table, hide and seek game, who will be the first? And so on.

Item seven (7) soon followed and everyone ate to their satisfaction. Almost everyone in attendance presents their gifts. I was so happy just as my parents were. After the presentation of the gift, the DJ opened the ground for appreciation through dance. I danced happily with friends and relatives and the whole ceremony came to an end around 7:00 pm. 

It is a memorable day, I will live to remember. 

LESSON FIVE

LITERATURE – IN – ENGLISH 

TITLE: Summary of Recommended Text

Dangerous Reward