Fractions Basic 5 Mathematics Lesson Note

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Change fractions to decimals and vice versa
2. Convert fractions to percentage and vice versa
3. Convert decimals to percentage and vice versa
4. Add and subtract fractions with the same denominators
5. Apply quantitative aptitude problems related to fractions, decimals, and percentages

Keywords:

• Fractions
• Decimals
• Percentage
• Numerator
• Denominator

Set Induction:

The teacher will begin by discussing situations where fractions, decimals, and percentages of the same value can be used, for example, half of a cake can be expressed as 1/2, 0.5, or 50%. This will help the lesson on converting and showing these different representations.

Entry Behaviour:

Pupils have basic knowledge of fractions, decimals, and simple percentage calculations.

Learning Resources and Materials:

1. Fraction charts
2. Decimal charts
3. Calculators
4. Worksheets

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

The teacher will review what pupils know about fractions, numerators, denominators, and how decimals and percentages can be used to represent different forms from whole numbers.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Problem solving
• Critical thinking
• Numerical reasoning

Learning Materials:

1. Charts showing decimals, and percentages
2. Calculators

Reference Books:

Lagos State Scheme of Work, Primary 5 Mathematics Textbook

Instructional Materials:

1. Fraction charts
2. Conversion charts

Content:

1. Changing of Fractions:

• Changing fractions to decimal fractions (decimals) by converting using division
• Changing decimals to fractions and reducing to lowest terms
• Adding fractions having similar denominators
• Solving quantitative reasoning involving fractions

2. Fractions to Decimals:

• Converting fractions to decimals by performing division
• Practice with various examples

3. Decimals to Fractions:

• Converting decimals to fractions using place value understanding
• Simplifying fractions to lowest terms

4. Quantitative Reasoning:

• Application of fractions, decimals, and percentages to real-life problems
• Word problems involving conversion between different forms

Fractions, Decimals, and Percentages

Changing of Fractions:

Converting Fractions to Decimals: To convert a fraction to a decimal, divide the numerator by the denominator.

Examples:

• 1/2 = 1 ÷ 2 = 0.5
• 1/4 = 1 ÷ 4 = 0.25
• 3/4 = 3 ÷ 4 = 0.75
• 1/5 = 1 ÷ 5 = 0.2
• 2/5 = 2 ÷ 5 = 0.4
• 3/5 = 3 ÷ 5 = 0.6
• 4/5 = 4 ÷ 5 = 0.8
• 1/8 = 1 ÷ 8 = 0.125

Example 1: Change 1/2 to a decimal: 1 ÷ 2 = 0.5 Example 2: Change 3/4 to a decimal: 3 ÷ 4 = 0.75 Example 3: Change 7/10 to a decimal: 7 ÷ 10 = 0.7 Example 4: Change 1/5 to a decimal: 1 ÷ 5 = 0.2 Example 5: Change 9/20 to a decimal: 9 ÷ 20 = 0.45

Converting Decimals to Fractions: To convert a decimal to a fraction, write the decimal number as the numerator over the denominator based on the decimal place value.

Examples:

• 0.5 = 5/10 = 1/2 (simplified)
• 0.25 = 25/100 = 1/4 (simplified)
• 0.75 = 75/100 = 3/4 (simplified)
• 0.2 = 2/10 = 1/5 (simplified)
• 0.6 = 6/10 = 3/5 (simplified)

Converting Fractions to Percentages: To convert a fraction to a percentage, multiply by 100.

Examples:

• 1/2 = (1/2) × 100 = 50%
• 1/4 = (1/4) × 100 = 25%
• 3/4 = (3/4) × 100 = 75%
• 1/5 = (1/5) × 100 = 20%
• 2/5 = (2/5) × 100 = 40%

Converting Decimals to Percentages: To convert a decimal to a percentage, multiply by 100.

Examples:

• 0.5 = 0.5 × 100 = 50%
• 0.25 = 0.25 × 100 = 25%
• 0.75 = 0.75 × 100 = 75%
• 0.2 = 0.2 × 100 = 20%
• 0.6 = 0.6 × 100 = 60%

Converting Percentages to Decimals: To convert a percentage to a decimal, divide by 100.

Examples:

• 50% = 50 ÷ 100 = 0.5
• 25% = 25 ÷ 100 = 0.25
• 75% = 75 ÷ 100 = 0.75
• 20% = 20 ÷ 100 = 0.2
• 60% = 60 ÷ 100 = 0.6

Converting Percentages to Fractions: To convert a percentage to a fraction, write the percentage over 100 and simplify.

Examples:

• 50% = 50/100 = 1/2 (simplified)
• 25% = 25/100 = 1/4 (simplified)
• 75% = 75/100 = 3/4 (simplified)
• 20% = 20/100 = 1/5 (simplified)
• 60% = 60/100 = 3/5 (simplified)

Applications:

Solving fraction problems involving everyday situations like:

• Shopping discounts
• Test scores
• Parts of a whole
• Time calculations

Examples: Example 1: Convert 0.3 to a percentage.

• Answer: 0.3 × 100 = 30%

Example 2: Convert 2/5 to a decimal.

• Answer: 2 ÷ 5 = 0.4

Example 3: Convert 40% to a fraction.

• Answer: 40/100 = 2/5 (simplified)

Example 4: A student scored 18 out of 20 on a test. What percentage did the student score?

• Answer: 18/20 = 0.9 = 90%

Example 5: If 0.25 of a pizza was eaten, what fraction of the pizza was consumed?

• Answer: 0.25 = 25/100 = 1/4

Class Work:

1. Convert 3/5 to a decimal: ___
2. Convert 0.8 to a fraction: ___
3. Convert 1/4 to a percentage: ___
4. Convert 60% to a decimal: ___
5. Convert 0.75 to a percentage: ___
6. A class has 25 students. If 3/5 of them are girls, how many girls are in the class?
7. Convert 7/10 to a decimal: ___
8. Convert 35% to a fraction: ___
9. If a student answered 16 out of 20 questions correctly, what percentage did they get right?
10. Convert 0.125 to a fraction: ___

Assessment:

Convert 1/8 to a decimal. The result is ___ Answer: 0.125

Convert 0.6 to a fraction:

• 6/10
• 3/5
• 2/3
• 1/6 Answer: 3/5

Convert 25% to a decimal. The result is ___ Answer: 0.25

Convert 3/4 to a percentage:

• 34%
• 43%
• 75%
• 25% Answer: 75%

Convert 0.2 to a percentage. The result is ___ Answer: 20%

A pizza was cut into 8 equal pieces. John ate 3 pieces. What fraction of the pizza did John eat?

• 3/5
• 3/8
• 5/8
• 8/3 Answer: 3/8