Animal Diseases II – Bacteria, Fungal & Protozoan Diseases SS3 Agricultural Science Lesson Note
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Topic: Animal Diseases II – Bacteria, Fungal & Protozoan Diseases
CONTENT
- Foot and mouth disease
- Rinderpest diseases
- Newcastle disease
- Fowl pox
- Gumburo disease
| VIRAL DISEASE | ANIMAL AFFECTED | MODE OF TRANSMISSION | SYMPTOMS | CONTROL/PREVENTION |
| FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE
|
Cattle, Sheep and Goat | contact, airborne, droplets of saliva, infected materials like urine, and faeces. | Formation of blisters (skin vesicles filled with serum, watery animal fluid) on the skin, between and around the hooves, inflammation of teats and udder, salivation, and loss of weight. | Isolation of infected animals, burning or burying contaminated materials, and timely vaccination. |
| RINDERPEST DISEASE
|
Cattle, Sheep and Goat | By contact, contaminated feed and water | High fever, weakness, difficulty breathing, blood-stained diarrhoea, high mortality, loss of appetite. | Timely vaccination, isolation of infected animals, and restriction of infected animal movement within the farm. |
| NEWCASTLE DISEASE
|
Domestic fowl, Turkey, Goose, Ducks and Guinea fowl | Through contaminated feed, water and litter | Sneezing, nasal discharge and difficulty breathing. Lack of appetite and diarrhoea, Paralysis, somersaulting, twisting of neck, cycling movement | Vaccination, good sanitation, disinfection of poultry building. |
| FOWL POX | Fowl | Through contaminated feeds, water and litter materials | Sores on the combs and wattles | Isolate the infected birds, practise good sanitation measures, apply iodine on the affected parts, adopt routine vaccination |
| GUMBORO DISEASE
|
Birds | Through faecal, contaminated feeds, water and litter. | Swelling of liver, spleen and kidney. The birds appear dull and sleepy. | Isolate infected birds to maintain good sanitation measures, and adopt routine vaccination. |
EVALUATION
- a. Name the causative agent of Newcastle disease
- What are the symptoms?
- How can it be controlled?
- Name 5 viral diseases.
- State the symptoms of fowl pox.
- State the mode of transmission of fowl pox
- List two animals that are affected by rinderpest
READING ASSIGNMENT
- Essential Agricultural Science for Senior Secondary Schools by O. A. Iwena, pages 383 – 386
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
- The best control measure for rinderpest disease in cattle is a. sanitation b. isolation c. eradication of infected stock d. vaccination
- The part of the body affected by Newcastle disease of poultry are the a. nervous system and respiratory tract b. digestive and circulatory system c. reproductive and excretory tracts d. air sac and the comb
- The general symptoms of malnutrition in animals include the following except a. retarded growth b. increase in body size c. low production d. disease susceptibility.
- Newcastle disease affects the following animals except a. goat b. chicken c. turkey d. duck
- Which of the following is not a viral disease? a. Anthrax b. Fowl pox c. Gumburo d. Rinderpest.
THEORY
Consider the following viral diseases
- Foot and mouth
- Rinderpest
- Newcastle
- Name three animals that can be affected by each of the diseases listed above.
- State two major symptoms for each of them.
BACTERIAL DISEASES
CONTENT
- Anthrax
- Brucellosis
- Tuberculosis
- Pullorum Disease
- Fowl Typhoid
- Fowl Cholera
| BACTERIAL DISEASE | ANIMAL AFFECTED | MODE OF TRANSMISSION | SYMPTOMS | CONTROL/PREVENTION |
| Anthrax
Bacillus anthracis |
Cattle, Sheep, Goat, Pig. | Through contaminated feed, water, equipment and infected animals. | High fever, depression, staggering and sudden death of the animal. | No effective drug for the treatment. Regular vaccination, infected animals should be slaughtered and buried, and proper sanitation. |
| Brucellosis (Contagious abortion) Brucella abortus | Pigs, Cattle, Sheep and Goat. | Contaminated feed, water, contact with infected animals, contact with infected materials such as shoes etc. | Abortion, inflammation of the womb, diarrhoea and dysentery, paralysis, loss of
milk and frequent infertility. |
Sick animals should be isolated and badly infected animals should be killed and
buried. |
| Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Pigs and poultry birds. | Sputum, droppings, milk of infected Cow, germ inhaled or through
mouth during feeding |
Constant coughing, loss of weight and appetite, infection of the liver and udder in
Cows. |
No cure for drugs. Animals infected should be killed and buried, good sanitation, isolate suspected
animals. |
| Pullorum Disease
|
Poultry | Through contamination of feeds, water and litter | Watery droppings that are usually sticky and greenish-white. | Obtain chicks from sources that are disease-free, Isolate infected birds, Maintain good sanitation, and Treat the infected birds with appropriate antibiotics. |
| Fowl Typhoid | Fowl | Through contaminated feed, water and litter materials | Yellowish watery droppings, loss of appetite and ruffled appearance. | Routine vaccination, Maintain good sanitation, Treat the infected birds with appropriate antibiotics
|
| Fowl Cholera | Fowl | Through contaminated feed, water and litter. | Ruffled appearance, thirst due to dehydration, blood-stained yellowish watery droppings and sudden death. | Isolate infected birds,
Maintain good sanitation measures, Practise routine vaccination and treat the infected birds with appropriate antibiotics.
|
EVALUATION
- List five bacteria diseases
- List three animals that are affected by brucellosis
FUNGAL DISEASES
CONTENT
- Ringworm
- Aspergillosis
| FUNGAL DISEASE | ANIMAL AFFECTED | MODE OF TRANSMISSION | SYMPTOMS | CONTROL/PREVENTION |
| RINGWORM | Cattle Sheep, Goat and Rabbit | Contact with contaminated feeders and water troughs | Lesions (injury, damage, change in texture) in the skin of the animals, irritation
of the skin, loss of appetite and weight. |
Disinfection of pens and equipment, treat affected parts with sulphur ointment. |
| ASPERGILLOSIS Aspergillus fumigatus | Poultry birds, pigs, Cattle | Through contaminated feed (mouldy feed), mouldy litter. | Difficult breathing, respiratory disorder, loss of appetite, irritation of skin, high body temperature, loss of weight. | Regular disinfection of the pen and equipment, avoid use of mouldy feed, practise good sanitation and maintain proper hygiene, and spray fungicide from time to time to kill fungi spores. |
EVALUATION
- List three fungal diseases
- State the symptoms of ringworm
PROTOZOAN DISEASES
CONTENT
- Trypanosomiasis
- Coccidiosis
- Redwater fever (Piroplasmosis)
| PROTOZOAN DISEASE | ANIMAL AFFECTED | MODE OF TRANSMISSION | SYMPTOMS | CONTROL/PREVENTION |
| TRYPANOSOMIASIS
|
Cattle, Sheep and Goat | Spread by the blood-sucking Tse-tse fly which sucks blood from an infected animal and transmits the pathogen to healthy animals. | Rise in body temperature, dullness in appearance, constant sleeping. | Clearing of bushes around the farm to remove the fly habitat, spraying with insecticides to kill vectors, and treatment with drugs such as trypanosoma and antimosan. |
| COCCIDIOSIS Eimeria spp | Domestic fowl, duck, goose, turkey, guinea fowl and rabbit | It is spread through faeces, litter, feed, water and contaminated soils. | Dropping wings, loss of appetite, blood-stained diarrhoea, emaciation, high mortality, loss of hair/ alopecia (in rabbit) | Proper sanitation, avoiding wet litter and feed, changing of litter used and general disinfection, using suitable drugs such as amprolium and nitrofurazone in water, treat with coccidiostats. |
| RED WATER FEVER (PIROPLASMOSIS) Babesia sp | Cattle, Sheep, Goat and Pig | It is transmitted through the bite of a vector called a Blue tick. | Rise in body temperature, loss of appetite, diarrhoea, pale red colour of urine, emaciation and death. | Spray with insecticides to kill vectors of disease (blue tick), injection of drugs such as Trypan Blue, Babesan or Phenamidine. |
General Evaluation
- State 4 bacterial diseases affecting livestock.
- State 2 symptoms of Tuberculosis.
- Name 4 animals affected by tuberculosis.
- What are the symptoms of fowl typhoid?
- List 3 fungal diseases of animals.
- Name 3 animals affected by ringworm.
- State three diseases caused by protozoa.
- What is the vector of Piroplasmosis?
- Outline three symptoms of Coccidiosis.
Reading Assignment
- Essential Agric Science by O. Iwena pages 386 -390
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
- Which of the following livestock diseases is transmitted by ticks? (a) Coccidiosis (b) aspergillosis (c) brucellosis (d) red water fever
- Which of the following diseases is not caused by protozoa (a) trypanosomiasis (b) Coccidiosis (c) red water fever (d) aspergillosis
- When a cattle is observed to be sleeping constantly among the flock, it’s most likely suffering from (a) trypanosomiasis (b) coccidiosis (c) red water fever (d) aspergillosis
- The disease that causes abortion in cattle at the later stage of pregnancy is (a) milk fever (b) pneumonia (c) brucellosis (d) foot and mouth
- Trypanosomiasis can affect the following animals except (a) fowl (b) cattle (c) sheep (d) goat
THEORY
- State three diseases caused by protozoa.
- Name the animals affected in each case.
- Explain Redwater fever disease under the following headings – causal organisms, animals affected, mode of transmission, symptoms, and control.
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