Oral, Comprehension ,Grammar, Words For The Week 5 SS2 English Studies Lesson Note

ORAL: STRESS PLACEMENT ON TWO OR MORE SYLLABIC WORDS 

Guidelines

i. For two-syllable words, Simple Adjectives, Adverbs and Prepositions,

Stress the first syllable when the second syllable contains a short vowel and one or a final consonant. E.g. ENter, ENvy, Open, Equal.

However, a two-syllable verb that ends in the diphthong (әu) is stressed on the first syllable for example FOllow, BOrrow.

ii. Stress the second syllable if it contains a long vowel or diphthong and ends with more than one consonant. E.g. withDRAW, inVITE, conTACT, aLIVE.

iii) Three-syllable verbs

If the last syllable contains a long vowel, diphthong or more than our consonant, stress it. If the last syllable contains a short vowel or not more than one consonant stress the second syllable e.g. resuRRECT, enterTAIN, enCOUNTER, deTERmine

2.

i. Nouns of two syllables

Stress the first syllable if the second syllable contains a short vowel otherwise stress the second e.g. MOney, PROduct, LArynx, eSTATE, balLOON, deSIGN.

ii. Nouns of three syllables

If the last syllable contains a short vowel or the diphthong /әu/, it receives no stress. If the middle syllable contains a long vowel or diphthong or ends with more than one consonant, that middle syllable is stressed e.g. poTAto, diSASter, boNANza, syNOPsis, diSASter, apPOINTment.

If the last syllable contains a short vowel and contains not more than one consonant, stress the first syllable e.g. QUANtity, EXercise, CUStody, SCHOlarship, EMperor, CInema.

READING TO PARAPHRASE POEMS AND DRAMATIC WORKS

A paraphrase is saying or rewriting something in different words that makes it simpler. Paraphrasing may mean using fewer words or it may require using more words and changing its structure or sentence.

A paraphrase is different from a summary to an extent. In summary, you are expected to pick out the essence, the bare bones of the matter, and you leave out illustrations and examples. In a paraphrase, you try to re-express the same information in a simpler, less complicated, less figurative form. Also, any illustrations and examples are paraphrased.

The passage, Nazzruddin is an extract from A Bend in the Rivers by V.S Naipaul. It reveals his (Nazzruddin) plans to put up his property for sale. He however used terms that could not easily be understood by anyone not in the business world.

ASSIGNMENT 

Read the passage and answer the questions.

GRAMMAR: RULES OF CONCORD 

Concord is the agreement of the subject with the verb in a sentence.

RULES 

1. When the subject is in the third person and singular, the verb in the present takes ‘s’ or ‘-es’ e.g. Monica listens attentively. 

2. When the subject is in the first person, second person and third person plural number, the base form (i.e. plural verb is used.) e.g. 

i. We go to church every Sunday,

ii. You brush your teeth every morning.

iii. They/the children make a lot of noise in school. 

3. In a noun phrase, the verb must agree with the head word i.e. main word e.g. 

i. One of my students has travelled abroad.

ii. Every one of the pupils was rewarded.

4. Two or more singular nouns, connected by ‘and’ expressing the same person/idea/thing, must take a singular verb. E.g. 

i. Rice and beans are my best food.

ii. The long and short of the matter is that we must work.

iii. My friend and teacher have made my dream come true.    

5. Two or more nouns connected by ‘and’ but referring to different things must go with a plural verb. Eg

i. My friend and my brother have arrived.

6. A group of words starting with ‘each’ or ‘every’, ‘either’ or ‘neither’ should take a singular verb. E.g.

i. Every man and woman has his destiny. 

ii. Each student was asked to pay some fee. 

iii. Neither Tolu nor Teni pays attention to instructions.

iv. Either Tiler or Tony has done the needful.

7. If one of the two nouns connected by ‘nor’, ‘or’ is plural, or differs in person, the verb agrees with the closest noun to the verb in a sentence. E.g:

i. Either Temi or her sisters are interested in novels. 

ii. Neither the Principal nor the teacher have come to school.

iii. Either my brother or I am travelling next week. 

iv. Neither you nor Victoria has paid the required due. 

8. Indefinite pronouns and nouns ending with ‘s’ but singular in meaning must take singular verbs. E.g:

i. Everybody is here.             

ii. Everything is alright.

iii. Everyone has spoken.            

iv. Nothing has happened.

v. Politics is a dirty game in Nigeria.

vi. The news is broadcast at 6 pm.

WORDS FOR THE WEEK

Incendiary, Winsome, Rapport, Sovereign, Vitriolic, Quaint, Pathology, Acrylic, Gourmet, Abhor