Husbandry Of Selected Crops I – Cereals Cultivation SS1 Agricultural Science Lesson Note

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Topic: Husbandry Of Selected Crops I – Cereals Cultivation

CULTIVATION OF CEREALS

	MAIZE (Zeamays)	RICE (Oryzasativa)
Description	Maize also called corn is a member of the grass family (Gramineae). It produces grains, use as food by human beings and livestock. The seed/fruit is called caryopsis.	Rice is a member of the grass family (Gramineae). The seed/ fruit is called caryopsis
Varieties	Sweet maize, flint maize, dent maize, flour maize and popcorn	Swamp rice (Toma) and upland rice (Agbede).
Land preparation	Clearing the land and making ridges either manually or mechanically.	Clearing the land and making ridges either manually or mechanically.
Climatic requirements	Temperature – 260C-300C, Rainfall – 75cm-150cm per annum	Temperature of 200c, Rainfall of 75cm-120cm for upland rice and over 250cm for swamp rice.
Soil requirements	Sandy-loamy soil of PH 6-7	Loamy-clayey soil.
Method of propagation	By seeds	By seeds
Planting date	Early maize – March/April Late maize – July/August	South – April/May, North – August/ September.
Planting	It can be done manually using cutlass or mechanically by planter at 2-3 seeds per hole.	Planting can be done by broadcasting, sowing or drilling.
Seed rate	20-30kg per hectare of land	65kg per hectare at 2-3 seeds per hole.
Spacing	80cm between row and 30cmwithin row	25-30cm apart depending on varieties.
Cultural practices	Supplying, thinning, weeding fertilizer application, control of pests and diseases.	Supplying, thinning, weeding fertilizer application, control of pests and diseases.
Maturity period	90-120 days after planting depending on varieties.	4-7 months depending on varieties.
Harvesting	Harvesting can be done manually with hand or using a hand sickle and mechanically using a combined harvester.	Red heads of rice are harvested with knife, sickle or combined harvester.
Processing	It can be eaten either boiled or roasted or processed into corn flour or corn flakes.	Sun drying, threshing, winnowing, per boiling, hulling and polishing.
Uses	It is consumed by man and farm animals and as a raw material in brewery industries	It is consumed by man and farm animals.

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