Emergency Management And Response To Emergency JSS2 Social Studies Lesson Note

 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Emergency refers to a sudden unforeseen situation requiring prompt action to avoid disaster.

Emergency management is simply the structures put in place to reduce vulnerability to hazards and cope with disasters. 

STAGES OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

The stages in emergency management are as follows

1. Mitigation: It is the most cost-efficient method of reducing hazards. This involves identifying and evaluating hazards and setting up solutions in place to prevent them 
2.  Preparedness: Preparedness is a continuous cycle of planning, organizing, training, equipping, exercising, evaluation, and improvement activities that ensure effective coordination and the enhancement of capabilities to prevent, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate against disaster events3.
3. Response: This includes the mobilization of the identified emergency staff, including first responders, to an incident4.
4. Recovery: The aim is to restore the affected area to its previous state.

       EVALUATION:

    1. Define  emergency

     2.emergency management

    3. Discuss the stages of emergency management 

      RESPONSE TO EMERGENCIES

MEANING OF EMERGENCY 

An emergency can be seen as a situation that requires help or relief usually created by unexpected events. 

RESPONSE TO EMERGENCY 

The following are some actions to be taken during emergencies, particularly life-threatening. 

These include 

  -Communicate the situation to other people who might be informed -Notify environmental health and safety agencies immediately. 

   -Evacuate the area immediately 

   -Call for medical experts to assist 

  -Investigate where the emergency is happening or occurring.  

  APPROPRIATE RESPONSE TO EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT. 

The Emergency Management Agency is an agency in Nigeria that focuses on disaster management in all parts of the country. They support citizens to build, sustain, and recover from all mitigated hazards. 

  AGENCIES THAT RESPOND TO EMERGENCY CASES IN NIGERIA 

The agencies that respond to emergency cases. 

These include 

 -The Nigeria Security and Civil Defense Corps (NSCDC) 

  -The Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) 

  -National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) 

  -Nigeria Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA)

APPROPRIATE  RESPONSES TO EMERGENCY SITUATIONS IN THE SCHOOL

1. Be calm
2. Do not panic
3. Be in a safe position before offering assistance
4. Bleeding should be attended to first
5. Shock, dislocations, and major injuries should be checked to verify the seriousness of the situation
6. Call for medical assistance and the police
7. Keep the victim calm and warm

 APPROPRIATE RESPONSES TO EMERGENCY SITUATIONS BY THE POLICE 

The security agencies such as the police force constitute the major stakeholders in emergency management. The police can effectively and efficiently respond to emergency management in the following ways; 

1. By having regular meetings with the members of the public relations in collaboration with other security agencies through regular workshops, simulation exercises, and training which will enable it to respond appropriately to emergencies. 
2. The police and other volunteers shall assist in combating disasters whenever they occur. 
3. The police and other security agencies shall possess rescue equipment to aid them rescue the victims. 
4. The police can use inclusive and comprehensive policing in managing emergencies involving the responsibility and participation of members of the public to work towards preventing or controlling emergencies. 
5. Education of the masses in emergency management is another way that police respond to emergencies.

  APPROPRIATE RESPONSE TO EMERGENCY SITUATION BY THE COMMUNITY SECURITY AGENTS 

Community security agents can respond to emergencies through the following approaches 

1. Signal Detection Approach; This is the ability to diagnose impending troubles or emergencies, and to choose an appropriate turnaround or avoidance approach to implement the change process. 
2. Preparation and Preventive Approach; Before an emergency community security agents should prepare to avert the emergency that was foreshadowed during the signal detection stage and if the emergency occurs, they should equally try to prevent its escalation by implementing a change process. 
3. Damage Control and Containment Approach; this strategy aims to limit the threat to the safety, financial, reputation, and lives of members of the community during an emergency. 
4. Recovery through Continuous Planning Approach: When an emergency hits the community, the security agent should be able to protect the citizens and prevent the escalation of such an emergency by encouraging the people to carry on with their routine businesses and duties while they are simultaneously working and planning on how they will recover from the damages caused by the emergency. 
5. Communication Strategic Approach: Skillful and careful communication during the emergency period is an appropriate response by community security agents to help in controlling and averting the emergency, because the efforts by many interest groups to communicate with the public when an unexpected event occurs may hurt the community. So community security agents must develop strategies to control unskilled communication processes by some interest groups during emergencies.