ANIMAL PESTS AND DISEASE CONTROL

Meaning of Diseases

A disease is an abnormality in health.  It is a deviation from the normal functioning of any part of the animal body.  The disease may manifest in the form of infection, irritation, or unfavourable conditions.  Hence, a diseased animal cannot perform the normal body processes.  Disease results in ill health which may result in death. 

Types of Diseases

A sick or diseased animal will show some or all the following signs.

1.  Loss of appetite;
2.   High temperature;

      3.   Persistent coughing;

     4.     Sluggishness;

     5.     Watery, smelling or blood-stained faeces;

     6.    Discharge from the eyes, mouth, nostril, or anus;

       7.       Rough skin

       8.      Dropping of tail or wings in birds;

       9.    Emaciation;

      10.        Death.

The disease could be categorized into two.  These are:-

1.    Infectious Disease:-  Infectious diseases are diseases that can affect an animal without the animal coming in contact with the infected animal or infected materials.  They are transmitted through the air, water, dust, or other agents.  Examples of contagious diseases are anthrax, fowl typhoid, coccidiosis, and New Castle disease
2.   Contagious Disease:- These diseases can only affect an animal by physical contact with an infected animal. Examples of contagious diseases are foot and mouth disease, mastitis, and contagious bovine abortion.

Animals can contract the disease through the following:

1.      Air.
2.    Contaminated feed and water.

      3.   Dropping or feces or infected animals

      4.     Infected feeding materials e.g. water troughs, feed troughs, and others.

      5.     Insect vectors.

 FARM ANIMAL DISEASES AND CONTROL

Common Diseases of Farm Animals

The common diseases of farm animals include the following

a)         Cattle   

                    i.   Foot and mouth disease

                      ii.     Rinder pest

                       iii.    Anthrax

                       iv.     Brucellosis or contagious bovine abortion

                       v.    Mastitis

                      vi.   Tuberculosis

                      vii.     Trypanosomiasis

                       viii.    Heartwater disease

                        ix       Babesiosis or Tick-borne fever

                     x.  Kirchi (Cowpox or streptothricosis)

b)       Sheep and goats

             i.   Bluetongue 

             ii.  Kata (stomatitis or pseudorinderpest)

            iii.   Contagious ecthyma or dermatitis

            iv.   Foot rot

c)      Pigs (swine) 

               i.    Swine fever

               ii.   Swine erysipelas (Diamond skin disease)

              iii.   Contagious abortion of swine

               iv.   Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)   

               v.    Roundworm infection (Nemathelminthes)

d)        Rabbits

i.  Sore  hock

ii.   Mange

                iii.  Bloat

               iv.   Coccidiosis

 e)         Poultry

            i.  New castle disease

             ii. Fowl pox

             iii.   Fowl typhoid

             iv.  Coccidiosis

            v.  Chronic respiratory disease (CRD)

Table showing common diseases of farm animal

  FARM ANIMAL DISEASES AND CONTROL

 FARM ANIMAL DISEASES AND CONTROL

 FARM ANIMAL DISEASES AND CONTROL