Husbandry Of Selected Crops II – Legumes Cultivation SS1 Agricultural Science Lesson Note

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Topic: Husbandry Of Selected Crops II – Legumes Cultivation

Cultivation of Legumes

	COWPEA (Vignaunguiculata)	GROUNDNUT (Arachishypogea)
Description	Cowpea is a member of the pulses or legumes. It belongs to the family leguminoseae. It is rich in protein. The fruit of cowpea is called Pod.	Groundnut is a dual purpose crop. It serves as oil crop as well as a pulse or leguminous crop. However, it is grown mainly for its oil. The seed gives about 40-45% of excellent edible oil.
Varieties	Erect type, creeping type, Ife brown, Ife bimpe	Bunch or erect type, creeping type, Kano local, Kano 50, castle cary.
Land preparation	Clearing the land and making ridges either manually or mechanically.	Clearing the land and making ridges either manually or mechanically.
Climatic requirements	Temperature of 27o-35oC, Rainfall of 60-125cm per annum.	Temperature of 25o-30oC, Rainfall of 70-100cm per annum.
Soil requirements	Well drained sandy loamy soil	Coarse textured sandy loamy soil which is slightly acidic and rich in calcium and phosphorus for pod formation.
Method of propagation	By seeds	By seeds
Planting date	April to September depending on the ecological zone.	South – March / April North – May / June
Planting	Planting can be done manually or mechanically at 2-3 seeds per hole.	Planting can be done manually or mechanically at 2-3 seeds per hole.
Seed rate	20 – 25kg per hectare.	30 – 35kg per hectare.
Spacing	Erect type – 30 x 75cm, Creeping type – 25 x 90cm	Erect type – 60 x 15cm Creeping type – 60 x 20cm
Cultural practices	Supplying, thinning, weeding fertilizer application, control of pests and diseases.	Supplying, thinning, weeding and control of pests and diseases. Groundnut does not need fertilizer application except on a very poor soil.
Maturity period	9 – 12 weeks after planting depending on varieties.	3 – 4 months after planting
Harvesting	Hand picking of matured brown pods.	It is ready for harvest when the leaves turn yellow and begin to wilt. It is done by uprooting the plant manually or mechanically and allowing to dry for easy removal of pods.
Processing	Sun drying, threshing and winnowing.	Sun drying, removal of seeds from the pods by slightly pounding in mortar or using a decorticating or shelling machine.
Uses	i. A source of plant protein for man ii. It serves as a cover crop iii. It serves as forage legumes iv. It is used for making green manure.	i. For making oil ii. For making cake to feed man and farm animals iii. For making groundnut butter.
Storage	Seeds are stored in jute bags silos or air tight container after proper drying. Seeds should be treated with insecticide and the store fumigated to prevent weevils attack.	Dried groundnut seeds are stored in silos or rhombus. Unshelled pods are stored in jute bags.

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